THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS & DRUM – BUFFER - ROPE

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Presentation transcript:

THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS & DRUM – BUFFER - ROPE Presented By: Brad Detchevery Concept: Elijah Goldratt Memories 2004

INTRO QUESTIONS

THE THEORY Any system (no matter how complex) can be viewed as a link of tasks contributing to a bigger goal

THE THEORY What is the maximum number of units the system can produce? Work Center A 5 units/month Work Center B 10 units/month Work Center C 3 units/month Work Center D 8 units/month What is the maximum number of units the system can produce? By how much could this be improved if Work Center A was doubled? By how much could this be improved if Work Center C increased by 1. What is the effect on the system if Work Center A could only manage 4 units/month What is the effect on the system if Work Center B can only manage 2unit/month What is the effect on the system if Work Center D can only manage 1 unit/month?

THE THEORY The speed at which the system can produce is limited by the slowest link. Work Center A 6 units/month Work Center B 10 units/month Work Center C 3 units/month Work Center D 8 units/month

CONCEPTS Work Center A 5 units/month Work Center B 10 units / month Work Center C 3 units/month Work Center D 8 units/month CONSTRAINT: Any resource whose capacity is less than or equal to the demand placed upon it. (aka Bottleneck)‏ NON-CONSTAINT: Any resources whose capacity is greater than the demand placed upon it. On a constraint whatever time is available is still less than capacity so it can not afford not to be working (1 hour lost at constraint = 1 hour lost whole system)‏ Offloading the work of a bottleneck increases the amount of work that can be done by the bottleneck therefore increases the entire system If items can be rejected before entering bottleneck the bottleneck can spend more time working on inventory that contributes to throughput. If the bottleneck works on a item that could have been rejected, this time was lost in the system and cannot be regained.

CONCEPTS Work Center A 5 units/month Work Center B 10 units / month Work Center C 3 units / month Work Center D 8 units / month 10 units/month You can’t look at optimizing only certain sections. It is necessary to look at optimizing the whole system. Eg: What happens if we double Work Center A? Work center A can now process 10 units/month Entire system can still only process 3 units/month However, Work Center C now has MORE inventory piling up in front of it. Each week more and more inventory piles up on Work Center C, which can never get out of the system (stuck in WIP). If Work Center C has 90 units waiting to be processed from all inventory in the system. What can we do to improve our productivity?

SUMMARY Material Release 5 units/week Assembly 10 units / month Test/Calibrate 3 units / month ATP 8 units/month 5 units/month To increase the productivity of a system, only focus on increasing the productivity of the constraints Increasing productivity at non-constraints ties up inventory in the system Non-constraints should move at a rate which supports the constraint even if they could do more. RELEASSE Material at a rate that supports the CONSTRAINT Schedule ORDERS by scheduling the CONSTRAINT

DRUM BUFFER ROPE DRUM = A schedule for the constraint based on demand. BUFFER = The time provided for parts to reach a PROTECTED AREA ROPE = A schedule for releasing Materials PROTECTED AREAS = THE DRUM, THE DUE DATES, ASSEMBLIES OF CONSTRAINTS & NON-CONSTRAINTS

DRUM BUFFER ROPE WHY DO WE USE A BUFFER ? Capacity is an average, it is subject to fluctuation. Eg; WC#1 might do 5/month in a typical month, but problems might only allow 3/month out one month, or a really good month might get 10/month out. The BUFFER is a PROTECTOR for fluctuations.

SIMPLE DEMONSTRATION

BUFFER Number (eg: 2) after Which the rope will No longer Work Center A 5 units/month Work Center B 10 units / month DRUM 3 units/month Work Center D 8 units/month BUFFER Number (eg: 2) after Which the rope will No longer Release inventory

QUESTIONS AGAIN

WHAT CAN YOU CONCLUDE ABOUT OVERTIME? If you work extra on a task, and that task is a constraint, is there value in the overtime? What if the task is not the constraint? What if the task is not a constraint, the demand is ’20’ and the real constraint can only handle ’10’ ? SMALLER BATCH SIZE?

WHAT CAN YOU CONCLUDE ABOUT OVERTIME? Questions to ask when putting in extra time If I want to get ahead putting in extra time what tasks should I pick to spend extra time on? If I am working extra time to complete a task, is this task REALLY the constraint ? If I am working A LOT of overtime on a lot of tasks (BIG TO-DO LIST), and I am the constraint, do the non-constraints produce at a rate that supports me? If I am a constraint, are solutions being examined to offload this work?