Chapter 1; Section 1 What is Science?

What Science Is and Is Not Science is always _______________________. Science is NOT just a collection of _______________________________facts. Examples of science changing: Pluto is changed to a dwarf planet Depiction of dinosaurs Genetics and gene therapy changing never-changing

What Science Is and Is Not Science is an organized way of _____________ and ________________ evidence about the natural world. Science is a process because it is a way of ____________, a way of _____________, and “a way of ______________” about the world. gathering analyzing looking thinking knowing

events in the natural world The Goals of Science The goals of science are to give explanations for ___________________________, to understand ____________________, and to make ____________________. events in the natural world patterns predictions

Scientific Methodology There isn’t any ____________________ “scientific method.” There is a general process of investigation called scientific methodology. Scientific studies always begins with an ___________________. Observations lead to _____________________. Scientists use further observations to make _____________________________. one or single observation new questions/problems inferences

Examples of Inferences

Observations Inferences Fire Trees Smoke Brush Light Large fire Deciduous trees Conifers hot smells daytime dangerous spreads crackling, popping, and hissing wind

What’s an Inference? An inference is a logical conclusion based on experience and prior knowledge Metal that is white and glowing = ?? Water that is in a beaker that is boiling = ?? Ice/snow outside = ?? Facial expressions

Observations How do we observe?? Sight Sound Touch/Feel Smell Taste

What’s a Hypothesis? A hypothesis is a scientific __________________ that can be __________. ***A hypothesis is NOT an educated guess*** explanation tested

Designing Controlled Experiments Testing a hypothesis involves an experiment that keeps track of ________________. Only __________ variable is changed while all other variables should be unchanged or ______________________. Controlling variables is important to an experiment because it shows which variable influenced the result of the experiment. variables one controlled

The Control Group An experiment is divided into _____________ and experimental groups. A control group is necessary because…it provides data for comparison. It sets a base for comparison. control

Collecting and Analyzing Data Quantitative _____________________________ data are numbers found by counting or measuring. Examples: _____________________________ data describe things that cannot be counted.   Experimental and controls groups are very _______________ because the larger the sample size, the more __________________ scientists are about their data analysis. Qualitative large confident

Drawing Conclusions Using data, scientists can ________________, _____________________, or draw a valid _______________________. support/refute change the hypothesis conclusion

When Experiments are NOT Possible ____________________ keeps scientists from doing certain kinds of experiments. Ethics are beliefs about what is _____________________________________. Examples: Animal experimentation Genetic engineering Cloning Stem cell research Ethics right and/or wrong