The Constitution in Action Washington unanimously selected as president by Electoral College, April 30, 1789 John Adams selected as Vice-President

Presidential Issues Use of Mississippi River Protection of people’s rights Government finances (DEBT) World Opinions

Presidential Happenings Organizes a Cabinet Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War – Henry Knox Attorney General – Edmund Randolph Judiciary Act of 1789 Passed by Congress, establishes Federal Court System Supreme Court, Chief Justice (John Jay), 5 Associate justices 13 District Courts and 3 Circuit Appeals Courts

The Bill of Rights Concession to the Anti-Federalists Steered by James Madison First Ten Amendments to the Constitution added in 1791 9th and 10th deal specifically with the powers of the government and the people 9th - Unenumerated Rights – people have rights that are not listed in the Constitution 10th - powers not Delegated to the federal Gov’t. are Reserved for the states

Alexander Hamilton "Father of the National Debt" Goal – establish a sound financial base for the country, bind the wealthy to the new country How – 1. Pay off all war debts at face value 2. Impose a Protective & Revenue Tariff that will protect and promote American industry 3. Create a National Bank for tax deposits, supplier of sound currency and loans for business interests

Opinions Vary Supported by Northern Merchants Opposed by Southern Anti-Federalists led by Thomas Jefferson Compromise – Debts will be paid off, the capital will be built along the Potomac River (Assumption Bill) on land donated by Virginia & Maryland Tariffs are lower than Hamilton wished, in place Congress will place an Excise Tax on Whiskey (Rebellion)

The Bank – A Constitutional Issue Jefferson – bank was not Constitutional, based on a word for word view of the Constitution or literal / strict construction, Amendment X, would favor the rich and wealthy interests Hamilton – bank is “necessary and proper”, read between the lines or a loose/ broad construction view of the Constitution, Article I, Section VIII paragraph 18, bank will be depository of government funds, promote business through stable currency and loans, Bank is chartered in 1791 for 20 years

Political Parties Cabinet infighting between Jefferson & Hamilton leads to countries first political parties Belief that Hamilton’s plans are hurting states rights Jefferson supporters are known as Democratic- Republicans, today’s Democrats Hamilton supporters are known as Federalists, today’s Republicans

Homework Read pages 192 to 198 stop at The Impact of the French Revolution…