Plant Propagation by Cuttings a. Kinds of cuttings 1) Stem cuttings 2) Leaf-bud cutting (single-eye) 3) Root cuttings 4) Leaf cuttings b. Totipotency-The.

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Plant Propagation by Cuttings a. Kinds of cuttings 1) Stem cuttings 2) Leaf-bud cutting (single-eye) 3) Root cuttings 4) Leaf cuttings b. Totipotency-The ability of an individual cell to reconstitute the entire plant part and functions c. Dedifferentiation-The capability of previously developed, differentiated cell to return to a meristem

Plant Propagation by Cuttings 1. Stem cuttings 2. Leaf-bud cutting (single-eye) 3. Root cuttings 4. Leaf cuttings

1. Stem Cuttings Softwood Cuttings Semi-Hardwood Cutting Hardwood Cuttings Herbaceous Cuttings

Softwood Cuttings

Shoftwood Cuttings - Hydrangea Butterfly cutting (top) Double-eye single node cutting (middle) Single-eye single node cuttings (bottom)

Softwood Cuttings-Peach - Actively growing shoots are used - Softwood cuttings are taken during spring and summer

Influence of IBA on Semi-Hardwood Cuttings - Cordia 1-Control, 2-50% ethanol, ppm, ppm, ppm, ppm, ppm, ppm, ppm IBA

Semi-Hardwood Cuttings - Jojoba Treating cuttings in IBA Solution (top) Sticking IBA-treated cuttings in root substrate (bottom)

Bottom Heat System for Cutting Benches

Temperature Differential Helpful for Root Formation Ambient Temp 60 o F Root zone Temp 70 o F - Rooting requires carbohydrates (energy), auxin (growth hormone), and rooting cofactors (enzymes) - Temperature differential (10 o F) between the ambient air and root zone is helpful for faster rooting

Good sanitation is important Cutting on the left was infected with Alternaria and did not root Cutting on the right was healthy and rooted well

Cutting Propagation in Jojoba Regular Stem Cuttings –Use 4-5 nodes –Semi-hardwood cuttings Single Node Cuttings –Double-eye single node cuttings –Single-eye single node cuttings

Rooting of 3 Different Types of Cuttings in Jojoba Single Node Cuttings Double Eye (DE)Single Eye (SE) 5-node Regular Cuttings

Single Node Cuttings Double-Eye Single Node Cutting (DE) - Healthier than SE - Less disease attacks Single-Eye Single Node Cutting (SE) - Largest no. cuttings/plant - Slower development - Higher mortality

Clonal Selection of Jojoba from Native Stands Pima Canyon, Tucson, AZ

Clonal Selection from Cultivated Field

Rooting jojoba cuttings in bundles with a bottom heat system

Jojob Cutting Propagation House

High Pressure Fogging (1000 psi pressure)

Cuttings rooted under high-pressure fogging

Use of Plant Bands for Rooting

Hardening of rooted cuttings under a shade house

Clonally Propagated Jojoba Field Bakersfield, CA

An orchard of clonally propagated citrus plants, Bakersfield, CA

Commercial Cutting Operation

Bagged Cuttings are Stored in Cold

Trimming Cuttings

Growth Regulator (IBA) Treatment on Cuttages

Rooting Cuttings of Pacific Yew

Outdoor Rooting Facility-Monrovia Nursery

Herbaceous Cuttings-Chrysanthemum

Herbaceous Cuttings

Carnation Cutting Harvest

Steam Sterilizing Beds

pH Adjustment of Carnation Beds

Planting Rooted Cuttings

Typical Carnation Benches

Poinsettia Plant Grown in Mexico

Commercial Propagation of Poinsettia Paul Ecke, Sr. – Developer of modern day poinsettias

Herbaceous Cuttings-Poinsettia

Leaf Cuttings-African Violet, Piggyback Plant