Central European Monarchs Clash

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Presentation transcript:

Central European Monarchs Clash 21.3 Prussian Siege of Kolberg Russia during the Seven Years War

Peace of Augsburg (1555) Breaks Down Catholic, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) allowed German Princes to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism, but not Calvinism 1618: Emperor Ferdinand II became king of Bohemia = Protestants in Prague began to Revolt

Thirty Years War 1618 - 1648 One of the most destructive wars in European History Fought mainly in Germany Began as a war of religion, but turned into a power struggle between all of Europe’s great powers.

Sides Hapsburg Side Opposing Side Holy Roman Emperor Austria Spain Bavaria Hungary Bohemia Netherlands France Sweden England

Catholic General Wallenstein after his victory at

Hapsburgs Are Defeated France & Sweden turn the tide against the Hapsburg Dynasty

Ukranian Cossaks

Results of the War Peace of Westphalia (1648) Weakened Hapsburg Spain & Austria Strengthened Bourbon France Dutch finally free of Spain Disbanded the Holy Roman Empire Ended religious wars in Europe Began era of Nation-States

Germany Lost 4 million People. Which slowed its Development Population loss in Germany

Central Europe Differs from the West Feudalism lasted longer in Germany, Austria, Poland, & Hungary Wars created instability Did not benefit from Commercial Revolution

Rise of Austria & Prussia Became Dominant States of Central Europe Austria Ruled by Catholic Hapsburgs Absolutist; conquered much of central Europe German elite ruled over a diverse population Prussia Ruled by Lutheran Hohenzollerns Came to dominate northern Germany Strong Military Culture

Maria Theresa of Austria Absolute Ruler of Austria: 1717 – 1780 Religious Catholic, cared for the poor, but not Civil Rights Mother of Marie Antoinette

Frederick II “The Great” of Prussia Made Prussia the 1st Welfare State & Military Power: 1712 – 1786 Enlightened Ruler Atheist, Invented Public Ed., Social Reforms

First truly “Global” War British Empire & Prussia Vs Seven Years War (1756 – 1763) First truly “Global” War British Empire & Prussia Vs French Empire, Austria, Russia (French & Indian War) Gave Britain dominance in North America Britain gained sole economic rights in India

Results Britain Became Dominant Imperial Power Dominance in North America & India Prussia became dominant in Germany = set up for its unification later France lost its Empire & entered period of trouble that would lead to Revolution