Structure and Properties of Matter Georgia High School Graduation Test: Science Review

What is an atom? the smallest particle of an ________ that has the ___________ of that element element = a substance that cannot be ____________ by ordinary chemical means to a smaller substance building block of matter Atoms are made of: ___________ (__) ___________ (__________) Most of the mass is concentrated in the _______ (location of ________ & ___________)

Atomic Structure Nucleus Electron Cloud ___________________________ where most of the _____ of the atom is concentrated __________________ Electron Cloud the space ____________________ in which electrons move rapidly _________________ divided into ___________________ ____________________________________________________

Atomic Structure atomic number = number of _________ Silver has ____ protons atomic mass = number of _______ + ________ Silver has ____ neutrons valence electrons = electrons in the ___________________

Atomic Structure Looking at the periodic table, answer the following questions: What element does this atom represent? How many valence electrons does this atom have? How many neutrons does this element have according to the periodic table?

Isotopes atoms of the same element having different numbers of ____________ identified with different _____________ mass number on the periodic table _________ the mass of all known isotopes isotopes have the same ____________ _________________

Solutions solution = _________________ of two or more substances that are evenly distributed examples: Coca-Cola, air, sea water, Kool-aid made of solute and solvent solute = ____________________________ example: _______________________________ solvent = ___________________________ example: ____________________________________

Phases of Matter STATE OF MATTER SHAPE VOLUME PARTICLE DESCRIPTION SOLID LIQUID GAS

Phase Changes of Water

Types of Chemical Reactions Combination/Synthesis Reactions Two or more substances ________ to form a single substance. A + B  AB CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 Yield Sign Reactants Product

Types of Chemical Reactions Decomposition Reactions A single compound is ______________ into two or more products. AB  A + B CaCO3  CaO + CO2 Yield Sign Products Reactant

Types of Chemical Reactions Single Replacement Reaction One element ____________ a second element in a compound. A + BC  AC + B Mg + Zn(NO3)2  Mg(NO3)2 + Zn

Types of Chemical Reactions Double Replacement Reactions Two compounds swap what they are bonded with. AB + CD  AD + CB K2CO3 + BaCl2  2KCl + BaCO3

Balanced Chemical Equations Balanced chemical equations follow the law of________________________. Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass: matter/mass can not be -_______________________, - _______________ The amount of matter after a change must be the __________________of matter that was present before the change.

Balanced Chemical Equations Fe + O2  Fe2O3 Balanced? Yes ___ No ___ P + O2  P4O10 Balanced? Yes ___ No ___ Reactants Products Fe O Reactants Products P O

Balanced Chemical Equations Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 Balanced? Yes ___ No ___ 2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2 Balanced? Yes ___ No ___ Reactants Products Zn H Cl Reactants Products Na H O

Balanced Chemical Equations Ca + Mg(OH)2  Mg + Ca(OH)2 Balanced? Yes ___ No ___ Reactants Products Ca Mg O H

pH Scale The pH scale measures how ________ or _____ a substance is. The pH scale ranges from___________. A pH of ___ is ___________. A pH _____ than _____________. A pH _________ than ____________.