© LICEF TELUQ The Organization and Use of Learning Objects for Knowledge Management by Dr Gilbert Paquette CIRTA-LICEF Research Center Télé-université, Montréalhttp://licef.teluq.quebec.ca/gp 66 th EAGE Conference – Paris June

© LICEF TELUQ Books (5)AI and KB systems - Knowledge Modeling - Instructional Engineering ResearchKnowledge representation - Adaptive advisors - Virtual learning centers - Instructional Engineering ToolsMOT, MISA, ADISA, AffiliationsTélé-université’s Research Center (LICEF) - CIRTA Founder - Canada Research Chair on CIE - President of Cogigraph Technology – DIR. Of the LORNET research network CollaborationsDMR, B. of M, Eduplus, Hydro-Quebec, Canadian DoD, Armstrong Lab, ABL, GDC, CAE, BGW, NOVASYS, Teleglobe, Bell- Technomedia, CNET Some Bookmarks

© LICEF TELUQ Linked Concepts n Knowledge Management n Intellectual Capital n Learning Organization n Business Intelligence n Organic Firm n Process re-engineering n Decision support n Competency Management

© LICEF TELUQ A Growing Reality From 1997 to 1998, organizations involved in KM has grown from 28% to 51%! From 1997 to 1998, organizations involved in KM has grown from 28% to 51%! –Knowledge Management Special Report, May 1998, Delphi Group, Boston n 1998, one third had KM initiative ongoing, another third were preparing one –KPMG Study in 25 companies n 2002: 80% of 158 Fortune 1000 companies have a KM programs –Conference Board and American Management Association survey

© LICEF TELUQ Why Knowledge Management? n Enterprises realize how important it is to know what they know. n Knowledge is scattered in and outside the organization, –In databases, documents, medias –In peoples’ heads n Knowledge takes time to acquire n Early retirements and increasing mobility are reducing the available knowledge owners n Knowledge grows exponentially and must be assimilated at an ever faster rate n Life-long learning is an inescapable reality

© LICEF TELUQ Hidden and Tacit Knowledge n n Available information: – –Explicited knowledge = structured information – –Tacit knowledge = not yet externalized (chunking phenomena) n n Hidden information: – –Unmined information or databases – –Unidentified important information

© LICEF TELUQ Information and knowledge Information Knowledge Elicitation Learning Instructional Engineering Knowledge Engineering

© LICEF TELUQ Knowledge Engineering n A methodology to transform information into usable knowledge n Goal: Knowledge Elicitation, Representation and Use n Phases: –Process planning –Knowledge identification (using documents and interview techniques) –Knowledge conceptualization (Modeling) –Knowledge formalization (In XML, Data bases,…) –Structured information access (through a computarized system)

© LICEF TELUQ Knowledge Modeling Actor M R Procedure A Ressource X Ressource Y I/P Procedure B Ressource Z Actor N R I/P

© LICEF TELUQ MOT+ Modeling

© LICEF TELUQ Instructional Engineering n Making knowledge available to people through competency building n A systemic methodology –Knowledge, skills, competency definition –Instructional strategies and activities –Media selection, adaptation, construction –Delivery processes Instructional Design Software Engineering Knowledge Engineering

© LICEF TELUQ MISA Knowledge Modeling 210 Knowledge modeling principles 212 Knowledge model 214 Target competencies 310 Learning units content 410 Learning instruments content 610 Knowledge and competency management Instructional Modeling 220 Instructional principles 222 Learning events network 224 Learning units properties 320 Instructional scenarios 322 Learning activities properties 420 Learning instruments properties 620 Actors and group management Materials Modeling 230 Media principles 330 Development infrastructure 430 Learning materials list 432 Learning materials models 434 Media elements 436 Source documents 630 Learning system / resource management Delivery Modeling 240 Delivery principles 242 Cost-benefit analysis 340 Delivery planning 440 Delivery models 442 Actors and user’s materials 444 Tools and telecommunication 446 Services and delivery locations 540 Assessment planning 640 Maintenance / quality management Problem definition 100 Training system 102 Training objectives 104 Target Learners 106 Actual situation 108 Reference documents

© LICEF TELUQ Learning Objects and Interoperability “A learning object is any entity, digital or non-digital, that can be used, re-used, or referenced during technology-supported learning”. (IEEE LTSC 2000) n Includes materials, tools, services, persons, events n Not necessarily digitized, include printed, lab material n Used not only by learners, but also other actors n Includes activity descriptions, instructional structure, learning or assistance scenarios.

© LICEF TELUQ Learning Materials Model- Specific Tools Means of Com. Required Services Delivery Locations Learners ’ Roles Facilitators ’ Roles Delivery models and Blended Learning Distributed Classroom Presentatio ns, videos, websites Video-conf. system, browser, present.tools Synchronous telecom Technical support Classroom, multimedia room Receive input, ask questions, exercises Presenter Learning Portals Internet and MM training Browser, search engine, MM support Asynchronous telecom Com. support Residence, workplace Autonomous Learning, access information Training manager Online Coaching Productions, informative websites Forum, , multimedia player Asynchronous telecom Com. support Residence, workplace Asks questions, cooperation, telediscuss. Trainer, presenter Communities of practice Asynchronous telecom Productions, informative websites Forum, e- mail, multimedia player Comm. support Residence, workplace Cooperation, telediscuss, information exchange Group animator EPSS Activity guide, contextualised help files Organization data bases and systems Asynchronous telecom Systems technical support Workplace Exercises, case studies, simulations Support manager Learning Objects

© LICEF TELUQ Metadata: Towards the Semantic Web n Knowledge Objects (Resources) are described by their Metadata: properties and types of objects n Metadata is a basis for a Semantic Web description of objects or resources n Need to be completed by an ontology: concepts + relations + axioms to provide intelligent search and processing of content

© LICEF TELUQ Building LO Repositories

© LICEF TELUQ Referencing Learning Objects

© LICEF TELUQ Integrating and Using LOs

© LICEF TELUQ A Multi Actor Workflow Interface Essay Produce essay Analyze the vidéo Video Analysis Coach Forum Profiles Evaluate essay Evaluation Obtain

© LICEF TELUQ Conclusion We have entered the knowledge economy : knowledge is the main asset. We have entered the knowledge economy : knowledge is the main asset. Knowledge management is common sense, but it is not yet common practice. Knowledge management is common sense, but it is not yet common practice. We need instrumentation We need instrumentation –for Knowledge Engineering : To capture knowledge assets –For Learning Object Repositories organizing knowledge assets –For Instructional Engineering: to plan ways to use knowledge to increase competency –For Knowledge Delivery on the Web

© LICEF TELUQ The Benefits Knowledge gain for employee and organization Knowledge gain for employee and organization Identify knowledge gaps and risks to company development and jobs Identify knowledge gaps and risks to company development and jobs Collective project, enabling more communication between employees Collective project, enabling more communication between employees Retain and value knowledgeable personnel Retain and value knowledgeable personnel Justified and well understood actions Justified and well understood actions Better product linked to customer’s needs Better product linked to customer’s needs

© LICEF TELUQ Web- Based Learning is the Future of Education and Training Gilbert Paquette 66 th EAGE Conference – Paris June 7-10, 2004