Università degli Studi di Pavia Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Scienze politiche, Giurisprudenza, Ingegneria, Economia Corso di Laurea Interfacoltà in Comunicazione, Innovazione, Multimedialità CHINA TODAY: A NEUTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE FACETS OF A RAPIDLY EVOLVING SOCIETY IN BOTH SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS The Beginning of a Great Economic Power Tesi di Laurea di: Valeria Repetto Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Andrea Fumagalli Correlatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Giorgio Rampa

SINCE ECONOMIC OPENING UP AND REFORM POLICY (1978): CHINA’S ECONOMY HAS GROWN 90 TIMES BIGGER FASTEST GROWING MAJOR ECONOMY IN THE WORLD GDP: ANNUAL AVERAGE PREDICTED TO BE 9.5 PERCENT FOR THE PERIOD OF

WORLD’S LARGEST EXPORTER SECOND LARGEST IMPORTER OF GOODS AND… WORLD’S SECOND BIGGEST CONSUMER OF LUXURY GOODS

BUILDING SKYSCRAPERS TO SHOW THE ECONOMIC BOOMING MORE THAN 200 BUILDINGS ARE BEING BUILT NOW NEXT THREE YEARS: ONE SKYSCRAPER COMPLETED EVERY FIVE DAYS. 800 IN FIVE YEARS TIME

Zhao Ziyang, 赵紫阳 and Deng Xiao Ping ( 邓 小平 ), first, and Zhu Rongji ( 朱镕基 ) and Jiang Zemin ( 江 泽民 ), afterwards Two generations of reforms Agrarian Reform (1978) Social Market Economy(early 90s) Development of Social Economy Organizations in rural areas, as well as in urban Main characters of the last 30 years of political and economical changes

SECOND PHASE FROM THE AGRICOLTURE: DECENTRALIZATION OF THE PLANE AND THE MARKET FAMILY BUSINESSES : RESPONSABILITY GROWING AUTONOMY IN MANAGERIAL DECISIONS INSIDE STATE- OWNED ENTERPRISES SMALL ENTERPRISES BORN: VILLAGE AND TOWNSHIP ENTERPRISES FIRST PHASE 1978: THEY OCCUPIED 28 MILION PEOPLE Mid-90’s: 135 MILION MARKET- ORIENTED BY WAY OF PROFIT MAXIMIZATION SOCIAL MARKET ECONOMY (ONLY APPROVED IN 1992) RENOVATION OF PULIC ENTERPRISES CONCEPT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY

和谐社会 CONCEPT OF “HARMONIOUS SOCIETY” THE FOURTH GENERATION (WITH HUJINTAO 胡锦涛 AND WEN JIABAO 温家宝 ) INTRODUCED THE SLOGAN IN 2007 CENTRALITY OF SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: ACTIVE MEDIATION, PARTICIPATION

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES: INEQUALITY WORKERS START MOVING FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS LIFE AS FARMER PRECARIOUS: ORGANIZED IN COMMUNES, WITH SOCIAL SERVICES GRANTED ONLY BY SELLING SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF AGRICOLTURE PRODUCTS LIFE AS TOWN WORKER LESS PRECARIOUS: BASED ON THE RELATION BETWEEN CITIZENS AND WORKPLACE IN WORK UNITS IN THE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES MANY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

EDUCATION CHANGES FOCUS ON THE FUTURE COMPETITION EXCELLENCE SOCIAL PRESSURE AND INSECURITY HEAVY ENPHASIS ON PASSING EXAMS

INCREASE OF PRIVATE STUDIES FOR EXCELLENCE COSTS OF EDUCATION MORE AND MORE EXPENSIVE INEQUALITIES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN CHILDREN PUBLIC FOUNDING STILL NOT ENOUGH

DAMAGE DUE TO: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE POPULATION GROWTH DEMAND PER CAPITA GROWTH PUBLIC OPINION: INITIALLY MORE PRONE TO EMBRACE THE ECONOMIC RISE INSTEAD OF THINKING ABOUT CONSEQUENCES

CHINA HAS NOW BECOME THE WORLD’S LARGEST ENERGY CONSUMER BESIDES, WATER IS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS THREATS FACING THE COUNTRY NOW WARNING! CHINA RELIES ON COAL TO SUPPLY ABOUT 70 PERCENT OF ENERGY NEEDS

LEGISLATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT Law on the Protection of the Marine Environment, in 1982; Law on Water Pollution Prevention, in 1984; Law on the Protection and Control of the air pollution of 1987; Law on the Prevention and Control of solid waste disposal of TOWARD A SOCIETY LAW CARBON BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY?

EFFORTS TOWARD RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES : INCREASE OF SIXFOLD THE DEMAND OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 2009: 34.6 BILION US DOLLARS INVESTED IN CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CHINA PRODUCES MORE WIND TURBINES AND SOLAR PANELS EACH YEAR THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY IN THE WORLD

Whether China continues as an authoritarian colossus, stagnates, disintegrates, or becomes both freer and more prosperous will not just determine China's future, but shape the rest of the world's too. The Economist CONCLUSION

Thank you for listening Valeria Repetto