10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project COMMON FEATURES Organizations Private Non-Profit-Distributing Self-Governing Voluntary

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Museums Hospitals Trade Associations Universities Environmental Groups Clinics Human Rights Organizations Professional Organizations SportsClubs Day Care Centers Foundations Personal Social Services

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs; 2. The civil society sector is a marginal actor economically;

FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCE The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCE 36 Countries $1.33 trillion in operating expenditures 45.5 million FTE jobs 7.5% of non-agricultural employment 4.4% of economically active population 46% of public sector employment

IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR WERE A COUNTRY…. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR WERE A COUNTRY…. Country GDP (trillion $) U.S. $7.2 Japan 5.1 China 2.8 Germany 2.2 U.K. 1.4 France 1.3 CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR EXPENDITURES (35 Countries) 1.3 Italy 1.1 Brazil 0.7 Russia 0.7 Spain 0.6 Canada 0.5

Civil Society Organization Employment in Context 36 Countries The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Civil Society Organization Employment in Context 36 Countries 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 Millions of Employees Volunteers Paid staff 25.5 20 Civil Society Orgs. 45.5 44.3 Cons- truction 39.3 Trans- portation 6 Utilities

EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. VS. LARGEST FIRMS (35 COUNTRIES) The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. VS. LARGEST FIRMS (35 COUNTRIES) Civil Society Organizations 22.7 million Largest Private Companies 3.4 million

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 3. Civil society organizations are chiefly an American phenomenon and are not present in the welfare states of Europe, where reliance on government is greater. 4. There is no civil society sector for all intents and purposes in the Scandinavian countries, where the welfare state is most fully developed;

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY 4.4% All countries* 2.7% 1.6% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% Volunteers Paid Staff Netherlands 9.2% 5.1% 14.4% Austria 4.9% Japan 3.8% 1.1% Spain 4.8% 4.3% 4.2% 3.4% Argentina South Africa Italy 2.9% 2.8% 3.2% 2.3% 1.8% 1.9% 1.5% 1.0% 1.6% U.K. 10.9% 9.8% 8.5% 8.0% 7.6% 7.2% 7.1% Israel Ireland Belgium France Norway Sweden U.S. 8.6% 8.3% 6.3% 6.6% 3.7% 2.7% 1.7% 2.1% 3.5% 3.6% 1.4% 4.4% 10.4% Australia 5.3% Finland Germany 2.4% 5.9%

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY All countries* 2.7% 1.6% 4.4% India 0.6% 0.8% 1.4% 0.2% 1.6% Brazil Poland 0.7% 1.2% 1.9% Philippines 1.3% 2.0% Czech Republic 1.0% 1.5% Morocco Pakistan 0.4% 0.9% 1.1% Hungary Slovakia 0.3% 0.1% Mexico Romania Peru 2.5% 2.4% South Korea Colombia 1.8% 2.3% Uganda .9% 0.5% 2.1% Tanzania Kenya Egypt 2.7% 2.8% .01% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% Paid Staff Volunteers

GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX: COUNTRY SCORES The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX: COUNTRY SCORES Country Netherlands Norway United States Sweden United Kingdom Belgium Israel Ireland Australia Franc e Finland Germany Spain Argentina Tanzania Uganda Japan Capacity 79 55 76 58 66 65 70 64 51 56 48 47 54 45 44 38 Sustainability 54 82 56 60 45 42 46 37 35 32 34 Impact 89 59 54 67 50 60 52 49 44 47 30 36 38 35 Total 74 65 61 60 58 57 54 49 47 46 40 39 37 36

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;

CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES Paid Workers 56% Volunteers 44% n=65.5 million (including religion)

VOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSO WORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTER The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project VOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSO WORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTER All countries 38% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% % of CSO Workforce Developed 39% Developing 37% Africa 54% Nordic 64% Latin America 30% Welfare Partnership 32% Asian Industrialized 24% Central Europe Anglo-Saxon 37%

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries; 6. Paid staff drive out reliance on volunteers.

Civil Society Paid vs. Volunteer Staff The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Civil Society Paid vs. Volunteer Staff Volunteers Percent of Countries Above Average 61% Below Average 39% Total 67% 33% 100% Paid Staff 14% 8% 25% 53%

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;

Johns Hopkins University The State of Nonprofit America ROLES AND FUNCTIONS Johns Hopkins University The Service Role The Advocacy Role The Expressive Role The Community-Building Role The Value Guardian Role Source: Lester M. Salamon, The State of Nonprofit America (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2002)

DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE, BY FUNCTION The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE, BY FUNCTION Education 23% Service 64% Culture 19% Social Services 19% Expressive 32% Misc. Advocacy 13% Health 14% Other 4% Development 8%

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project SHARE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION WORKFORCE IN EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS, (INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT) All countries 41% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% % of CSO Workforce Developed 37% Developing 44% Africa 51% Nordic 67% Central Europe 55% Anglo-Saxon 36% Latin America 33% Welfare Partnership 29% Asian Industrialized 16%

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change; 8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE) The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE) Philanthropy 12% Fees 53% Government35%

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change; 8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue; 9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY Fees, Charges Public Sector Philanthropy All Countries 53% 35% 12% FEE DOMINANT 40% 0% 20% 60% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Spain Japan Hungary U.S. Czech Rep. Pakistan Tanzania Slovakia Finland Norway Poland Italy Sweden Australia Peru Colombia S. Korea Argentina Brazil Kenya Mexico Philippines 81% 55% 70% 60% 57% 53% 51% 74% 73% 62% 61% 58% 49% 47% 52% 63% 71% 85% 92% 27% 22% 23% 32% 19% 20% 31% 13% 36% 6% 24% 4% 35% 7% 29% 9% 15% 39% 14% 11% 5% 43% 45% 3% 18% 37% 12%

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY 12% Fees, Charges Public Sector Philanthropy All Countries 53% 35% Government Dominant 60% 40% 0% 20% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Ireland Belgium Germany Israel Netherlands France Austria U.K. Romania South Africa 39% 32% 16% 29% 45% 35% 26% 43% 19% 9% 10% 8% 6% 3% 7% 2% 5% 24% 45% 50% 59% 64% 47% 58% 77% 44% % may not add up to 100% due to rounding

10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY 7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in delivering services; 8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue; 9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S. 10. The civil society sector is growing at a slower rate than the private business sector.

GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95 (8 COUNTRIES) The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95 (8 COUNTRIES) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Civil Society Employment 24.4% 8.1% Total Employment % Change in Employment