An Introduction to Greek Theatre
Wrote tragedies, but lived a long, comfortable, happy life 123 plays; only 7 survive Early life: lived in the time of great thinkers and writers such as Aeschylus, Pericles, Herodotus, Thucydides and Socrates Later life: Athens entered the long and costly Peloponnesian war, which drained resources and greatly burdened the people so they understood tragedy personally
Tragedy: a serious drama featuring a main character, often of noble birth, who strives to achieve something and is ultimately defeated Tragic flaw (hamartia): the main character’s downfall is often due to an inborn character flaw or weakness In spite of defeat and even death, the tragic hero is ennobled by newly gained self-knowledge and wisdom
Orchestra: where the chorus performs Proskenium: “in front of the scene” (main stage) Skene (scene): backdrop, behind which characters were often killed Theatron: came to mean the whole theatre, often built into a hillside with stone seating that has lasted centuries
All actors were male, as was the audience (women were mostly banned from the theatre) Actors wore masks to symbolize different characters Plays could often last all day Chorus: actors who provided commentary, explanations, and in Sophocles’ plays, interacted with the main character LawQB4 7wmSg0
Prologue: opening scene Parados: first of the Chorus’s lyric songs, or choral odes Dialogue and choral odes: regular alternations throughout the play Exodos: concluding scene
Oracle: a person, often spiritually connected to the gods, who delivers wise, authoritative, and highly regarded pronouncements (Greeks often traveled far to visit an oracle; the oracle of Apollo at Delphi) Seer: a prophet who predicts future events; a wise person or sage Prophecy: prediction, often considered to be from the gods, about future events Irony: a technique of indicating, through character or plot development, an intention or attitude that is opposite of what is actually stated; an outcome of events that is opposite of what was expected Dramatic irony: irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play