Chap 10: Community Health and Minorities Instructor’s Name Semester, 200_

Chap 10: Minorities Chapter Objectives Explain the concept of diversity as it describes the American people. Explain the impact of a more diverse population in the United States as it relates to community health efforts. Explain the importance of the 1985 landmark report, The Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health.

Chap 10: Minorities Chapter Objectives List the racial and ethnic categories currently used by the U.S. Government in statistical activities and programs administration reporting. List some limitations related to collecting racial and ethnic health data. Identify some of the sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of minority groups in the United States.

Chap 10: Minorities Chapter Objectives List some of the beliefs and values of minority groups in the United States. List and describe the six priority areas of the Race and Health Initiative. Define socioeconomic gradient and provide an example as it relates to minority health.

Chap 10: Minorities Chapter Objectives Define cultural sensitivity and cultural competence and define the importance of each related to minority community health. Identify the three kinds of power associated with empowerment and explain the importance of each related to minority community health.

Chap 10: Minorities Overview of Diversity The strength and greatness of America lies in the diversity of its people –President’s Initiative on Race –majority –minorities

Chap 10: Minorities Documents The Secretary’s Task Force Report on Black and Minority Health Health People 2000 Initiative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Health –prevent disease –promote health –delivering care to racial and ethnic minority communities

Chap 10: Minorities Racial and Ethnic Classifications U. S Office of Management and Budget –operationalize race and ethnicity Five categories

Chap 10: Minorities Health data sources and their limitations Gaps in the information system bias analysis self-reported data reliability

Chap 10: Minorities Black Americans Socioeconomic Characteristics –education –lowest median income Vital Statistics –34.5 million 12.3% of population

Chap 10: Minorities Black Americans Major community health problems –Infant mortality –Sickle cell disease –HIV/AIDS –Violent Deaths

Chap 10: Minorities Americans of Hispanic Origin Vital Statistics –35.3 million 12.5% of population –education –income Religious beliefs

Chap 10: Minorities Asian/Pacific Islanders Vital Statistics –11.9 million 4.2% of the population –fastest growing ethnic population in the US –high school completion and income is highest among the ethnic groups Consists of two distinct groups

Chap 10: Minorities Native Americans Demographic Characteristics –2.5 million nearly 1% of the population Vital Statistics –economic disadvantaged –poor health status –poverty rate of 25.9% –low high school completion rate

Chap 10: Minorities Native Americans Health care - Indian Health Service –Established in 1954; 1st Federal Agency to address health –Alcohol abuse #1 health problem –Intentional & Unintentional injuries

Chap 10: Minorities U.S. Population 2000

Chap 10: Minorities U.S. Population 2050 projected

Chap 10: Minorities Median household income 1999

Chap 10: Minorities Poverty rates 1999

Chap 10: Minorities Refugees: New Immigrants Refugees Immigrants Aliens Illegal aliens Special Concerns –poor –lower levels of education –few work skills –serious health problems

Chap 10: Minorities Race and Health Initiative Infant mortality Cancer screen Cardiovascular disease Diabetes HIV/AIDS Adult & child immunization

Chap 10: Minorities Socioeconomic Status & Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Indirect causal associations –level of education –level of income –poverty Group living circumstances

Chap 10: Minorities Community Health Strategies for Achieving Equity in Minority Health Cultural Competence –A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross cultural situations. Empowering the Self and the Community –social power –political power –psychological power

Chap 10: Minorities Race & Health Biological Cultural Socioeconomic Racism Political Historical Legal Biological processes Environmental stress - Residential - Occupational Health practices - Smoking - Alcohol - Nutrition Psychosocial resources - Social ties - Perceptions of control - Coping patterns Medical care - Need - Access - Quality Psychosocial stress - Smoking - Alcohol - Nutrition Health outcomes Health outcomes

Chap 10: Minorities Chapter 10 Community Health and Minorities