Respiratory System Objectives: Describe the structure of the respiratory system. Analyze the function of the respiratory system.

Respiratory System Includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs, and pleura.

Nasal Cavity Nasal Septum=divides nasal cavities into R and L sides Cilia- the hairs in your nose, trap larger dirt particles.

Sinuses- cavities in the skull Connected to the nasal cavity, by ducts Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten air Sinuses give resonance to the voice.

Pharynx Pharynx The throat Common passageway for air and food 5” long When food is swallowed, the Epiglottis closes over the opening to the larynx preventing food from entering the lungs Pharynx

Meet the Larynx Larynx- voice box Triangular chamber below the pharynx Within the larynx are vocal cords Epiglottis covers larynx during swallowing Adam’s apple Produces sound Made of cartilage fibrous plates

Meet the Trachea Windpipe. 4 ½ in. long. Walls are alternate bands of membrane and C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep trachea open and more rigid Lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous.

Did Someone say Bronchi and Bronchioles are next? Lower end of trachea divides into R and L bronchus Become bronchial tubes and bronchioles as braonches enter lungs Passageway for air from trachea to alveoli in lungs

Alveoli Clusters of thin-walled sacs made of single layer epithelial tissue Inner surfaces covered with Surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing Each alveolus surrounded by capillaries O2 and CO2 exchange takes place between the alveoli and capillaries (diffusion)

Lovely Lungs Fill the thoracic cavity Upper part=apex Lower part=base Lung tissue porous and spongy –it floats R lung=larger and shorter displaced by the liver and has 3 lobes L lung smaller displaced by the heart and has 2 lobes

Pretty Pleura Thin, moist slippery membrane that covers the lungs. Double walled sac. Space is pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction.

Test your gray matter….. Alveoli Larynx Pleura Speech Trachea What structure of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production? Which body function is made possible by fibrous plates contained within the cartilage of the larynx? The respiratory system ends in millions of tiny, thin walled sacs called: What covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage? The windpipe is referred to as the: The wall of the trachea are made more rigid by the presence of: Each lung is divided into two or three parts called: When the trachea divides to enter both lungs, the tubes that are formed are called: Alveoli Larynx Pleura Speech Trachea Rings of Cartilage Lobes Bronchi

The medical name for the throat is the: The partition that separated the nose into right and left cavities is the: The medical name for the throat is the: Pharynx Septum

Function of the Respiratory System External respiration, internal respiration , and cellular respiration Production of sound (vocal cords)

Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing) Inspiration Inhalation Intercostal muscles lift ribs outward, sternum rises and the diaphragm contracts and moves downward this increases the volume of the lungs and air rushes in.

Pulmonary Ventilation Expiration Opposite action takes place. Exhalation is a passive process

Respiratory Movements 1 inspiration + 1 expiration=1 respiration Normal adult = 14-20 Respirations per minute Increases with exercise, body temperature, certain diseases. Age-newborm= 40-60/min Sleep= respiration  Emotion can  or  rate

Coughing Deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air – to clear lower respiratory tract Hiccups – spasm of the diaphragm and spasmotic closure of the glottis- irritation to diaphragm or phrenic nerve.

Sneezing Air forced through nose to clear respiratory tract Yawning Deep prolonged breath that fills the lungs, increases oxygen within the blood

Control Breathing Breathing controlled by neural and chemical factors. Neural Factors Respiratory center located in the Medulla Oblongata  on CO2 or  O2 in the blood will trigger respiratory center Phrenic Nerve- stimulates the diaphragm Chemical Factors Depends on the levels of CO2 in the blood (respiratory center in the brain) Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries sensitive to the amount of blood O2