COVALENT COMPOUNDS BONDS BETWEEN NONMETALS

COVALENT COMPOUNDS What does the prefix “co” mean? - together - shared - with - jointly

COVALENT COMPOUNDS What is a covalent compound? - a compound made up of two or more nonmetals that are bonded together - the electrons are shared instead of transferred - the have NO charges

WHAT IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS? IONIC Electrons are transferred from one element to the other Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal (cation and an anion) COVALENT Electrons are shared not transferred Occurs between two nonmetals

WHY DO NONMETALS SHARE ELECTRONS? Due to electronegativity  Metals have very low electronegativity  They do not want other atoms electrons  Allow their electrons to be taken  Nonmetals have very high electronegativity  They want other atoms electrons to complete their octet  Take other atoms electrons

CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE? H 2 ONaCl Na 2 SO 4 SCl 2 MnBr 4 CCl 4 CO 2 LiOH N 2 OSr(NO 2 ) 2 Al(NO 3 ) 3 BrCl 5 KClGaN P 2 O 3 SO 2 Cs 3 As 2

COVALENT COMPOUNDS: There are no charges to cancel out, therefore, compounds can be made up of the same elements but can have completely different ratios: Examples: CONOSO CO 2 N 2 OSO 2 CO 3 S 2 O 3 We CANNOT drop and swap when writing covalent compounds

NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS: USE PREFIXES

RULES FOR NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS: 1.NEVER simplify these compounds  Example: N 2 O 4 NOT NO 2 2.For the 1 st element: ONLY use a prefix if there is more than one  NO 2 (Nitrogen does not need a prefix for this name)  N 2 O (Nitrogen does need a prefix 3.For the 2 nd element: ALWAYS use a prefix 4.For the 2 nd element: Change the ending to “-ide”

NAMING THE COMPOUND: C 2 O 6 1.The first element you simply name and add the proper prefix if needed 2.The second element you name with the proper prefix AND change the ending to “-ide” Dicarbon Hexaoxide

NAMING THE COMPOUND: SCL 4 1.The first element you simply name and add the proper prefix if needed 2.The second element you name with the proper prefix AND change the ending to “-ide” Sulfur tetrachloride

LET’S PRACTICE: CompoundPrefix for the first element Name of the first element Prefix for the second element Name of the second element Name of the compound P4S5P4S5 TetraPhosphorousPentaSulfideTetraphosphourous pentasulfide SeF 6 Si 2 Br 6 CH 4 NF 3

RULES FOR WRITING COMPOUNDS: 1.The prefix of the first element becomes the subscript of the FIRST element (DO NOT DROP AND SWAP)  No Prefix is equal to one (DO NOT WRITE THE ONES) 2.The prefix of the second element becomes the subscript of the SECOND element (DO NOT DROP AND SWAP)

LET’S PRACTICE: Compound Name: 1 st Element Symbol 1 st Element Prefix Number: 2 nd Element Symbol 2 nd Element Prefix Number: Compound Formula: Antimony Tribromide Sb1Br3SbBr 3 Hexaboron Monosilicide Chlorine dioxide Dihydrogen monoxide Dicarbon hexahydride Iodine pentafluoride Phosphorous triiodide