All matter is made up of atoms

Atoms have two parts

Nucleus Electron cloud Atomic structure Nucleus Electron cloud

The nucleus is made up of two atomic sub particles.

The nucleus is made up of two atomic sub particles. + + Nucleus + + a positively (+) charged Proton

The nucleus is made up of two atomic sub particles. + + + Nucleus + a positively (+) a particle with NO charged charge (0) called a Proton Neutron.

The electron cloud is made up of one atomic sub particle.

The electron cloud is made up of one atomic sub particle. a negatively (-) charged Electron - - + + - + + -

This is a Bohr model of the Beryllium atom. - - + + - + + -

This atom has a charge that is in equilibrium This atom has a charge that is in equilibrium. 4 positive charges balance out the 4 negatively charged electrons. The neutrons carry NO charge and therefor have no effect on the charge of the atom. - - + + - + + -

Atoms lose their protons or neutrons but it is extremely difficult and time consuming. They can lose their electrons very easily. - - + + - + + -

If this Beryllium atom losses an electron it would become positively charged. - + - + + + - Because there are more positively charged protons than negative charges.

If this Beryllium atom loses an electron it would become positively charged. It is no longer called an atom. It is called an ion. - + - + + + Specifically a cation. - Because there are more positively charged protons than negative charges.

- - - - - + + + + Specifically an anion. If this Beryllium atom gains an electron it would become negatively charged. - It is no longer called an atom. It is called an ion. - + - - + + + Specifically an anion. - Because there are more negatively charged protons than positively charged protons.

Using the periodic table to create a Bohr Model of an atom. The periods (rows) Indicate the number of Orbitals (energy shells or electron shells) that make up the electron cloud.

Using the periodic table to create a Bohr Model of an atom. Columns (called groups or families) indicate the number of electrons that can be found in the outermost energy shell called the valence Shell.

How many energy shells does Potassium (K) have? .

How many valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell) does Potassium (K) have? .

Each square of the periodic table gives particular information about the atoms of an element. Txt. P. 19 The atomic number tells you How many protons and Electrons the element has. The Chemical symbol of The element. The atomic mass made up of protons and Neutrons. Subtracting the atomic number from the mass, will give us the number of neutrons in the element

Electron configuration rules 1 Electron configuration rules 1. The innermost shell, due to its radius, can only hold 2 electrons. 2. The next shell can hold 8 electrons. 3. The third shell can hold up to 18 electrons. 4. The 4th shell can hold up to 32 electrons.

With these rules in mind create a Bohr model of Al.

Al is in the 3rd period and 13th group Al is in the 3rd period and 13th group. As a result, we know that AL has __ electron shells and___electrons in its valence shell. Its atomic number is_____ and so has___protons and___ electrons. Its atomic mass is___ and so it has _____ neutrons.

3rd period= 3 energy shells - - - 13th family= 3 valence electrons

Rule 1: there are 2 electrons In the inner shell. - - - - -

- - - - - Atomic number is 13. So it Has 13 electrons all together. So how many electrons will there be in the shell that we haven’t filled yet?

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - 13P 14N - - - - - - - 13P 13.982N