NHTSA Research update EVS-GTR National Highway Traffic Safety Administration April 16-18, /15/2013 EVS-03-18

NHTSA research objectives are to assess risks and define safety performance measurements NHTSA is conducting research in 6 key areas to measure, analyze, and assess the safety of vehicle based Li-ion RESS Hazard Analysis Test Procedure Development Stranded Energy Liberation Module/Battery Safety Measurements Fire Extinguishment and 1 st Response Electronic Safety, Diagnostics, and Messaging RESS Activities Overview 2

Analysis of failure modes and effects –Projects hazards onto three generic designs HEV, PHEV, and BEV –Provides an overview of relevant existing safety standards and codes –Provides gap analysis and risk mitigation strategies Results will inform NHTSA research strategy The final report is expected to the agency by June –Battelle Memorial Institute RESS Research Objectives Hazard Analysis 3

Develop comprehensive & repeatable test procedures, metrics, and performance criteria –Consider all modes and environments throughout the vehicle/battery life –Build upon existing standards and introduce new test methods to better assess the system level safety performance Results will inform testing boundary limitations Ford Research with Ricardo - October 2013 SAE with numerous Subject Matter Experts - April 2014 RESS Research Objectives Test Procedure Development Normal Use Charging & Storage Abuse (Crash, Flood, Fire, Environment) End of Life Recycle 4

Define lifecycle safe handling of damaged RESS devices, to include –Common method for diagnosing RESS stability & condition –Necessary electronic and bussing architecture for diagnostics and discharge –Optimal function and location of RESS interface portal Results will –Include cost analysis of feasible options –Identify potential gaps in technology & standards Argonne National Laboratory: The project has a 26 month period of performance with demonstration and report due by November RESS Research Objectives Stranded Energy Liberation 5

RESS Research Objectives Module/Battery Safety Identify functional safety performance characteristics in battery systems at battery or module levels –By building upon a derivative of cell level Complex Impedance Spectroscopic Properties –Optimal function and location of RESS interface portal Results will inform –Argonne Stranded Energy project –Ford and SAE test procedures development projects Sandia National Laboratory: 24 month program with expected results in Dec

RESS Research Objectives Fire Extinguishment Define correct fire fighter methods for extinguishing vehicle fires which contain Li-ion battery systems Results will –Inform emergency responder best practices –Enhance safety for first responder s and others NFPA, DOE, Idaho National Laboratory, OEM’s: Draft Report December

Encl osure Packaging, Integration, and Physical Protection Control Systems and Power Distribution Architecture and Form Factor Lithium-ion Core Battery Technology End of Life Recycle Abuse (Crash, Flood, Fire) Charging & Storage Normal Use RESS Research Objectives Electronic Safety Identify safety critical messaging throughout the system use cycle in a standardized format Volpe Center with Subject Matter Experts: Results will consider both visual and auditory alerts 8