Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration AP Biology Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

powers most cellular work LE 9-2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O Organic molecules + O2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP powers most cellular work Heat energy

Cellular Energy

ATP Structure

Phosphorylation using Free energy

Methane (reducing agent) Oxygen (oxidizing agent) Carbon dioxide Water LE 9-3 Reactants Products becomes oxidized CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + Energy + 2 H2O becomes reduced H H C H O O O C O H O H H Methane (reducing agent) Oxygen (oxidizing agent) Carbon dioxide Water

Electron Transport Chain is is ALWAYS located on a membrane

Oxygen is at the end

Process of Cellular Respiration

Energy Investment Phase

Energy Payoff Phase

LE 9-10 CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD+ NADH + H+ Acetyl Co A Pyruvate CO2 Coenzyme A Transport protein

Fig: 9.12 Kreb’s Cycle Simplified

Actual Kreb’s Cycle

Electron Transport Chain is located on the inner FOLDED membrane

Electron Transport Chain (Proteins are H+ Pumps)

Pumping H+ into a confined space

LE 9-15 Inner mitochondrial membrane H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Glycolysis ATP ATP ATP H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex of electron carriers Cyt c Intermembrane space Q IV I III ATP synthase Inner mitochondrial membrane II 2H+ + 1/2 O2 H2O FADH2 FAD NADH + H+ NAD+ ADP + P ATP i (carrying electrons from food) H+ Mitochondrial matrix Electron transport chain Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+), Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane Chemiosmosis ATP synthesis powered by the flow of H+ back across the membrane Oxidative phosphorylation

Fig: 9.14 ATP Synthetase Complex

Is Oxygen present?

Fig: 9.17a Alcohol Fermentation

Fig: 9.17b Lactic Acid Fermentation

Carbohydrates Fats Amino acids Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Glycolysis LE 9-19 Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Amino acids Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3- P NH3 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

LE 5-UN78 a carbon Amino group Carboxyl group

Fat molecule (triacylglycerol) LE 5-11b Ester linkage Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)

Negative Feedback

Phosphofructokinase (Puts on the SECOND ATP)