Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects General Information l l Vertrel ® HFC contains no Cl and no Br Vertrel ® HFC has a relative low atmospheric lifetime compared to CFC-113 and HCFC-141b   Vertrel ® has Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) l l Vertrel ® grades are chemically and thermally stable enough in their applications but their atmospheric lifetime is relatively low   Vertrel ® has a very low Global Warming Potential (GWP) l l Vertrel ® (as all HFCs) is classified as a VOC in the EU D-1 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects Comparison of Vertrel ® vs. CFC-113 and HCFC-141b Environmental Properties Property / Unit HFC 43-10meeCFC-113HCFC-141b Ozone Depletion Potential (CFC-11 = 1) Global Warming Potential (CO 2 = 1, 100 yr ITH) Atmospheric Lifetime (years) D-2 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of HFC-use Objective: Compare different cleaning technologies and their overall impact on the environment their overall impact on the environment Key Issue: Consider the complete system, not only the fluid used! How? By using the TEWI-method TEWI = Total Equivalent Warming Impact Analysis of all inputs and outputs of a process contributing to climate change, expressed in kg CO 2 equivalent emissions D-3 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects Variable Volume of solvent emissions x GWP of the solvent Impact of the cleaning technology on climate change Solvent losses by diffusion and drag-out Amount of energy consumed by the process x CO 2 emission factor for the energy delivered to the process D-4 Energy Intensity of the system Two types of impacts directindirect What TEWI measures Calculation Mode Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects TEWI calculation (1) Direct impact of HFC 43-10mee l l Due to solvent properties and optimized equipment design, HFC 43-10mee emissions are 6 to 9 times lower than CFC-113 and HCFC-141b emissions in identical applications! l l Consumption data (given as an indication): l l in idle conditions:10-20 g/m 2.h l l in real operation conditions:40-60 g/m 2.h l l 72-hour test with cooling system always turned on (closed top 16 hours) l l heating system turned on 8 hours / day with open top during operation l l cleaning of screws in a 10kg basket with a cycle time of 6 minutes D-5 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects TEWI calculation (2) Indirect impact of HFC 43-10mee l l CO 2 emission factor depends on the energy used in the geographic region. l l in the U.S.A. higher use of oil & coal  higher factor l l in Europe nuclear & water power plants  lower factor The average CO 2 emission factor for Western Europe is 0.46 kg CO 2 /kWh energy. D-6 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects TEWI calculation (3) Indirect impact - sources of energy consumption l l heating of the fluid, up to operating temperature l l running of the refrigeration system l l use of ultrasonics l l activation of the pumps l l use of a superheating system l l separate drying step (e.g. hot air oven) l l need to dispose of contaminated material D-7 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects TEWI = direct impact + indirect impact Comparison of TEWI of various cleaning processes Remark: Calculation of TEWI is based on standardized parameters such as volume of parts & amount of soil to be removed (for instance 1kg). D-8 0 2’000 2’000 4’000 4’000 6’000 6’000 8’000 8’000 10’000 12’000 95’000 Freon ® 113HCFC-141b Aqueous System Vertrel ® XF Kg CO 2 equivalent Vertrel ® MCA Direct Impact Indirect Impact Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :

Vertrel ® - Environmental Aspects Conclusions Things are not necessarily as they seem to be! l l Aqueous processes require about 5 times more energy than HFC-processes, as heat capacity and heat of vaporization of water are higher than of HFC l l Also, Vertrel ® -based processes have lower climate change impact than CFC-113 & HCFC-141b processes HFC 43-10mee - based cleaning technology is environmentally preferable! D-9 Service Chimie  : 5 place de l ’é glise, Saint Thibault des vignes  : (33)  : (33) :