Steps of Scientific Method

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Presentation transcript:

Steps of Scientific Method Experimental variables ? What does experiment do? Scientific Theory vs. Law?

Chpt 2 - Atoms, Molecules and Ions Atomic Theory - Greeks and Dalton Advances in theory (Sci Method works) Thomson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdTxGJjA4Jw&feature=related Millikan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMfYHag7Liw Rutherford http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pZj0u_XMbc&feature=related Chadwick http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKM8uJrcmyk&feature=related Molecules and Ions Periodic Table - design, group names

J J Thomson Postulated the existence of electrons using cathode-ray tubes. Determined the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron.

Cathode Ray with Field

R. S. Millikan Performed experiments involving charged oil drops. Determined the magnitude of the charge on a single electron. Calculated the mass of the electron.

E. Rutherford Atom has a dense center of positive charge called the nucleus. Electrons travel around the nucleus at a relatively large distance.

Atomic / Nucleus Size

Chadwick Novel experiment to discover missing mass in the atom (nucleus) Why difficult to observe?

Periodic Table Who ? How is it organized? Know the group and series names, metals, nonmetals, metalloids, solids, liquids, gases

Chpt 2 - Nomenclature Names <-> Chemical formulas Binary and Polyatomic Ionic per -ate, -ate, -ite, hypo -ite Roman numerals ( ) if necessary in the formula Molecules (prefixes) Acids Without oxygen With oxygen

Nomenclature Metal 1st -> ionic compound Binary - Metal retains its name nonmetal ends -ide Know the normal charges to combine -make neutral Use roman numerals for charge on transition elements Polyatomic ions memorize from Table 2.5 Use ( ) for polyatomics, if more than 1 needed Nonmetal 1st -> molecule Use prefixes!! Mono not used on 1st element 1st element retains its name, other ends -ide

Nomenclature H 1st = Acids No oxygen, also ends -ide hydro ____ ic acid Has oxygen, polyatomic ion (Table 2.5) -ate becomes ____ic acid -ite becomes ____ous acid H+1 used to balance polyatomic (-) charge

Common Polyatomic ions

Matter classification