ARG Food Security 2013 “Promoting and Improving Local Horticulture Product for Food Security in Indonesia” Ethnobotanical Survey in Bali to Conserve Biodiversity and Cultural Values of Food and Nutraceutical Plants Wawan Sujarwo 1,2, and Giulia Caneva 2 1 “Eka Karya” Bali Botanic Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) 2 Department of Science, the University Roma Tre, Italy

Brief of Bali Plant species richness Inhabitant, total area, forest Culture Environment, climate Introduction

Continued… Background The chance for Indonesia. Only small number of species, whilst a large number of species remain untapped. Ethnobotanical role. Self sufficiency of food.

Continued… Problem Underutilized food plants in Indonesia, meanwhile imports millions of dollars’ worth of food. Cultural declining.

Continued… Solution Tampilkan pasar traditional di bali yang menjual jajanan pasar Strategy Research on underutilized local food plants. Management system of biodiversity.

Objectives To increase the knowledge on some spontaneous plant species traditionally used in Bali (Indonesia), and selecting those that are useful for their application in the food industry.

Study area

Methods Field observations Focus group discussions Semi-structured interviews Herbarium specimens Plant collections for ex-situ conservation

Results A total of 381 food plants belonging to 91 families were identified. The most common food plant families were Fabaceae (7.87% of total species reported), Poaceae (7.87%), Zingiberaceae (4.99%), Rubiaceae (4.20%), Euphorbiaceae (3.67%), Cucurbitaceae (3.41%), Rutaceae (3.41%), Asteraceae (3.15%), Arecaceae (2.89%) and Myristicaceae (2.89%). From the data above it is found that 32 species used for staple food, 160 species for fruits, 60 species for beverages and 142 species for vegetables.

Continued... Artocarpus heterophyllus Lmk. Musa paradisiaca L. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz.

Continued... Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Dioscorea hispida Dennst.

Continued... Corypha utan Lamk Coleus parviflorus Bth.

Continued... Gigantochloa aya Widjaja & Astuti Bambusa ooh Widjaja & Astuti Gigantochloa baliana Widjaja & Astuti

Continued... Pinanga arinasae J.R.Witono Schizostachyum castaneum Widjaja

Continued... Dinochloa sepang Widjaja & Astuti

Continued... Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz

Continued... Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) Kurz

Continued... Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

What’s next... Intensification or Diversification

Thank you “For many Italians, their very sense of identity lies in the food, not just of the region in which they were born, but of the town, village, hamlet, even house. And they hold to the superiority of their local produce and dishes with passion. That is why eating your way round Italy is such a continual delight”