Intelligent System Engineering Basics of Digital Image Processing! APECE-505 Intelligent System Engineering Basics of Digital Image Processing! Md. Atiqur Rahman Ahad Reference books: – Digital Image Processing, Gonzalez & Woods. - Digital Image Processing, M. Joshi - Computer Vision – a modern approach, Forsyth & Ponce
Topics Imaging types Applications Illusions
Image: - gazou 画像 2-D function – f(x,y) x,y → spatial (plane) coordinates f → intensity/ gray level of the image at that point (x,y) Pixel: - gasou 画層 Picture element, image element, pels, pixels
Image: 2D array of gray level or color values Pixel: Array element Picture Element It’s 2D It’s a square It has one color It may be any color Pixel value: Arithmetic value of gray level or color intensity Gray level image: f = f(x,y) Color image: f = {Rred(x,y), Ggreen(x,y), Bblue(x,y)}
Principal energy source for images: electromagnetic energy spectrum Image Types: 1. Gamma-ray imaging 2. X-ray imaging - rentogen 3. Imaging in Ultraviolet (UV) bands 4. Imaging in Visible and Infrared (IR) bands 5. In Microwave band 6. In Radio band ~ others ...
astronomical observations 1. Gamma-ray imaging - in nuclear medicine, astronomical observations Bone scan Bone scan PET image PET scan of human brain Positron-emission tomography - PET Liver metastases of a colorectal tumor are clearly visible within the abdominal region of the image
2. CT X-ray imaging Chest X-ray CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography Head CT
Normal vs. diseased corn 3. UV band Normal vs. diseased corn Applications: Lithography Industrial inspection Laser Microscopy Biological imaging
4. Visible & IR band Microscopy Remote sensing/ GIS
Remote sensing GIS: 地理情報システム (Geographic Information System)
Infra-red (IR) [sekigaisen] imaging USA
IR imaging Bangladesh 日本
Color thermal image
Automated visual inspections Circuit board Lens for eye - damages!!
Visual Spec. – applications Finger print License plate reading
5. Microwave – Radar
– medicine and astronomy 6. Radio band – medicine and astronomy knee spine MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
Neutron star
millions of pulses & echoes are sent, and received each second ７.Ultrasound imaging! akachan thyroids muscle with lesion millions of pulses & echoes are sent, and received each second
Electron microscopy TEM – Transmission electron microscope SEM – Scanning electron microscope
Simultaneous contrast!
Optical illusions! circle!? No line in the square! =? Same distance? Parallel?? =?