SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 1 SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

Slide 2  DDR and peacekeeping  Disarmament  Demobilization  Reintegration  Peacekeepers’ roles in DDR  Practical ways to destroy weapons  DDR and peacekeeping  Disarmament  Demobilization  Reintegration  Peacekeepers’ roles in DDR  Practical ways to destroy weapons

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 3 Disarmament:  Collecting and disposing of small arms and ammunition Demobilization:  Formal discharge of active combatants Reintegration:  Helping ex-combatants become self-sustaining civilians Disarmament:  Collecting and disposing of small arms and ammunition Demobilization:  Formal discharge of active combatants Reintegration:  Helping ex-combatants become self-sustaining civilians

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 4 and resolution building Conflict prevention Conflict management Post military DDR peace- -conflict The Broader Spectrum of Peacekeeping Military Non - military Non -

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 5 DDR in Peacekeeping

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 6 The Long Road Home

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 7 Targeted for disarmament  Regular government forces  Irregular and opposition forces  Police forces  Civil defence forces  Militias  Armed civilians  Regular government forces  Irregular and opposition forces  Police forces  Civil defence forces  Militias  Armed civilians

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 8 Disarmament is  Collection  Control  Disposal  Collection  Control  Disposal

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 9 Disarmament: collection of  Small arms, light weapons (SALW)  Ammunition  Explosives  Mines  Small arms, light weapons (SALW)  Ammunition  Explosives  Mines

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 10  Downsize, or  Completely disband  Downsize, or  Completely disband Demobilization happens when armies or militias

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 11 Demobilization Camps

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 12  Recreation/sports  Literacy training  Basic education  Skills training  Language training  Health education  Recreation/sports  Literacy training  Basic education  Skills training  Language training  Health education  Civic education  Information programme  Peace accord orientation  Vocational counselling  Sensitization  Pre-discharge orientation  Civic education  Information programme  Peace accord orientation  Vocational counselling  Sensitization  Pre-discharge orientation Activities in demobilization sites:

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 13 Reintegration  Helps ex-combatants become self-sustaining  Includes assistance measures (cash, in kind, training)  Helps ex-combatants become self-sustaining  Includes assistance measures (cash, in kind, training) DDR motto: “You need to replace the soldier’s gun with something better.”

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 14  Transitionary support allowance (frequently cash-based)  In-kind assistance  Vouchers  Entitlements  Vocational training  Transitionary support allowance (frequently cash-based)  In-kind assistance  Vouchers  Entitlements  Vocational training Types of assistance:

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 15 Formed military units  Provide for a secure environment with freedom of movement  Destroy weapons cheaply, quickly and safely  Provide for a secure environment with freedom of movement  Destroy weapons cheaply, quickly and safely

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 16  Destruction of weapons  Guarding ammunition, weapons storage facilities  Guarding assembly, cantonment areas  Operating checkpoints  Escort duties and patrolling  Transport of ex-combatants (disarmed personnel) to assembly sites/cantonment  Destruction of weapons  Guarding ammunition, weapons storage facilities  Guarding assembly, cantonment areas  Operating checkpoints  Escort duties and patrolling  Transport of ex-combatants (disarmed personnel) to assembly sites/cantonment Tasks for military

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 17 Tasks for UNMOs:  Monitoring separation of forces  Monitoring withdrawal and disbandment of irregular forces  Manning reception centres  Monitoring separation of forces  Monitoring withdrawal and disbandment of irregular forces  Manning reception centres  Registering and collecting weapons,ammunition and explosives  Registering ex-combatants  Conducting investigations  Registering and collecting weapons,ammunition and explosives  Registering ex-combatants  Conducting investigations

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 18  Advise/supervise, train local police  Monitor reintegration  Conduct investigations  Administer weapons buy-back  Disarm civilians  Maintain law and order  Advise/supervise, train local police  Monitor reintegration  Conduct investigations  Administer weapons buy-back  Disarm civilians  Maintain law and order United Nations police role in DDR

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 19 United Nations police and UNMOs may collect small arms

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 20 Destroying small arms by:  Burning — labour-intensive, high symbolic value  Cutting — labour-intensive, slow but relatively simple  Shredding — effective but expensive  Burning — labour-intensive, high symbolic value  Cutting — labour-intensive, slow but relatively simple  Shredding — effective but expensive

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 21 Destroying small arms Before After

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 22 Only specialists should perform collection and destruction of ammunition and explosives

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 23 Only specialists should work with unsafe ammunitions

SGTM 12: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Slide 24  DDR is a bridge from war to peace  Successful DDR sustains peace, prevents return to war  UN military provides security, logistics support, other as mandated  Police can assist in small arms collection, assist in maintaining order, if capacity and mandate to do exists  Reintegration is largely a civilian activity  DDR is a bridge from war to peace  Successful DDR sustains peace, prevents return to war  UN military provides security, logistics support, other as mandated  Police can assist in small arms collection, assist in maintaining order, if capacity and mandate to do exists  Reintegration is largely a civilian activity