Chapter 12 – Section 5: China and the New Imperialism

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Chapter 12 – Section 5: China and the New Imperialism

What did Europe and China trade? China traded silk, porcelain, tea Europeans gave gold, silver, opium

What was the Opium War? Causes British grew opium in India and traded to China for tea many Chinese became addicted China use silver to pay for opium → hurt economy Chinese govt tried to ban opium, but Britain claimed free trade Chinese complained because opium was illegal in Britain, but still sold 1839 war → Britain easily won

Results 1842 Treaty of Nanjing China paid indemnity → payment of losses in war Britain received Hong Kong China opened up 5 ports to foreign trade British citizens in China got extraterritoriality → the right to live under own laws and be tried in own courts one of several unequal treaties that forced China to make concessions to western powers

What was the Taiping Rebellion? 1850-1864 peasants rebelled against poverty and misery leader Hong Xiuquan → wanted Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace won control of some parts of China and almost took over Qing dynasty

How did China begin to reform? Self-Strengthening Movement 1860s reformers imported western technology made factories developed shipyards, railroads, mining, industry translated western works not supported by govt → little progress

War with Japan 1868 Japan began to modernize and join imperialism 1894 Sino-Japanese War (China vs. Japan) Japan won and gained Taiwan showed China’s weakness

Spheres of Influence an area where outside power has exclusive investment and trading rights after China’s loss to Japan, western powers moved to “carve out” spheres of influence U.S. did not but wanted to trade → Open Door Policy

What was the Boxer Rebellion? Causes 1899 secret society Righteous Harmonious Fists (used martial arts → called “Boxers” wanted to get rid of foreigners in China 1900 Boxers attacked foreigners western powers and Japan made multinational force and crushed revolt

Results / Effects with defeat China had to make concessions China realized need to westernize New Reforms: women allowed to attend school taught science and math expanded economy nationalism spread

Who was Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)? Chinese nationalist who studied in West made Revolutionary Alliance Goal: rebuild China on “Three Principles of the People” Nationalism Democracy Livelihood – economic security Chinese Revolution 1910-1911 1911 became president of new Chinese Republic

Sun Yat-sen