Andrey Ivanov, Senior Policy Advisor, UNDP BRC Eschborn, 14 July 2013

This presentation summarizes some preliminary results of an ongoing research based on the data come primarily from  The regional Roma survey 2011 supported by the European Union (DG Regional Policy), implemented by UNDP and the World Bank and administered by IPSOS, Serbia and  The regional Roma survey 2004, supported by UNDP and administered by BBSS-Gallup, Bulgaria, TARKI, Hungary and Focus, Czech Republic. The data sets and the research papers based on the data available from the UNDP website: Andrey Ivanov, UNDP: Applying multidimensional poverty analysis to Roma, 14 June 2013

 “The largest European minority” – between 8 and 12 Mil people (or more?)  Represent an ultimate development challenge  A fundamental reformulation from “human rights” issue into “rights based development” issue  “Schizophrenic combination” of “developing world” level of deprivation and “developed world” context  Heavily overrepresented among the poor  Huge resources allocated already (and more to come under “Europe 2020”)  A way of going “beyond NTL averages”  What work for Roma might work for other similarly deprivedgroups

 Roma deprivation is not just a monetary poverty issue  Individual dimensions contribute differently to the overall deprivation outcome (status)  Makes possible building an integrated posture of the status (and thus link to the outrcomes of interventions)

 Self-identification (asking people, “Are you Roma?”)  Convenient and politically safe (nothing is imposed on the respondent)…  …but doesn’t yield relevant data because of the vagueness of the question triggering additional ones in respondents’ minds, like  If yes, does it mean I am not Romanian, Bulgarian, Slovak?  Why do they ask – maybe to frame me?  External (‘imposed’) identification  By non-Roma – verges on segregationist attitudes  By Roma – “you may not know who we are – but we do”  Combined (multi-stage approach) – used in the surveys of UNDP (2004 and 2011) and of FRA (2011) Andrey Ivanov, UNDP: Applying multidimensional poverty analysis to Roma, 14 June 2013

 Provide quantifiable and comparable picture of the current situation of living conditions of Roma in the EU and non-EU countries (what is the status)  Based on this, they send a message to policy-makers,  Illustrate the dynamics over time of some basic indicators (what has changed since 2004)  …to provide the ground for progress evaluation,  Suggest possible correlations and causalities (what drives the status)  …to help answer the “why this status?” question  Inform policymakers on possible priorities  …to suggest “what can be done” to achieve change Andrey Ivanov, UNDP: Applying multidimensional poverty analysis to Roma, 14 June 2013

 Data allows calculating multidimensional poverty rates and index – an aggregate measure of deprivation in 4 dimensions reflecting the priority areas of the Decade of Roma Inclusion  Health  Education  Housing and  Standard of Living  Follows Alkire/Foster methodology  Based on 12 indicators, 3 for each dimension  A person is considered poor if s/he is deprived in at least 6 of the 12 indicators and severely poor if deprived in 9 out of 12 indicators Andrey Ivanov, UNDP: Applying multidimensional poverty analysis to Roma, 14 June 2013

 Shares of the population not having access to essential drugs (1/12)  Any HH member living in a HH responding "yes" to the question "were there any periods in the past 12 months when your HH could not afford to buy medicines prescribed by a doctor”  Perceived vaccination rate (1/12)  Any child aged 0-6 years old who has not received any or some of the obligatory vaccinations  Malnutrition (1/12)  Any HH member living in a HH that experienced that in the past month somebody ever went to bed hungry because they could not afford enough food for them

 Highest completed education (1/12)  Any HH member of higher than primary education age with uncompleted primary education  Number of years in education (1/12)  Any HH member with less than 5 years in education  Gross enrolment rate in compulsory education (1/12)  Any HH member aged 7-15 who is not attending school or training

 Shares of the population not having access to improved water source (1/12)  Any HH member living in HHs not having piped water inside the dwelling or in the garden/yard  Shares of the population not having access to improved sanitation (1/12)  Any HH member living in a HH without toilet or bathroom inside the house  Access to electricity (1/12)  Any HH member living in a HH with no access to electricity in their dwelling

 Shares of the population not having access to secure housing (1/12)  Any HH member living in "ruined houses" or "slums" (as assessed by the enumerator)  Access to various HH amenities (1/12)  Any HH member living in a HH, which doesn't posses four of six categories falling in "UNDP material deprivation" index  Absolute poverty rate (1/12)  Any HH member living in a HH living in the households where the equivalent per capita income/expenditures are below $2.15 or $4.3 poverty lines

Andrey Ivanov, UNDP: Applying multidimensional poverty analysis to Roma, 14 June 2013

 Certain progress in regards Roma inclusion has been made since the launch of the Decade of Roma inclusion  But unequal in all areas  Unequal between countries  Quantitative data is of paramount importance for establishing reliable and robust progress monitoring systems  But quantitative data needs to be properly contextualized through qualitative research Andrey Ivanov, UNDP: Applying multidimensional poverty analysis to Roma, 14 June 2013

 Still potential (hard to go beyond research and communication campaigns)  But promising (unlike 2004)  Hopefully will be used for monitoring the progress in Roma inclusion (both within the Decade of Roma Inclusion and the European Roma Policy Framework)  Involving national institutions is key  But difficult to various reasons (incl. vested interests)