CHAPTER 12 CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT

ALKENE NOMENCLATURE General formula for alkenes CnH2n Naming alkenes Name the longest chain that contains the DOUBLE BOND have suffix -ene Number the longest chain so that the double bond as the lowest number possible Then locate and name attached groups CH3-CH=CH-CH3 2-butene

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UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS A hydrocarbon containing a C=C or CΞC group Alkene –A–A–A–A hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds Alkyne –A–A–A–A hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds Aromatic hydrocarbons –A–A–A–Any organic compound that contains the characteristic benzene ring or similar feature

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CONTINUE When you have more than one double or triple bond you need to state the location and change the suffix to indicate total number of bonds CH2=CH-CH=CH2 1, 3-butadiene Learning check page 383 Overhead

GEOMETRIES Terpene A A biological compound comprised of five-carbon isoprene units E Essential oils

CONTINUE OVERHEAD Page 386 go over and then do learning check 12.3 Properties of alkenes Similar to alkanes They are nonpolar, insoluble in water, soluble in nonpolar solvents, and less dense than water Alkenes with 4 atoms or less is a gas at room temp., 5 to 17 atoms a liquid and more than 17 is a solid at room temp Low weight alkenes smell like gas Table 12.2 page 388

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Addition reactions Addition reactions –A reaction in which a compound adds to a multiple bond Haloalkane or alkyl halide Haloalkane or alkyl halide –A derivative of an alkane in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by halogens C=C + Br-Br ----> - C -- C - C=C + Br-Br ----> - C -- C - Br Br Br Br Learning check page 389 Learning check page 389

HYDROGENATION A reaction in which the addition of hydrogen takes place P Pt C C=C + H-H ----> - C -- C - H H H Polyunsaturated –A–A–A–A term usually applied to molecules with several double bonds Learning check page 389 A reaction with a hydrogen halide C C=C + H-Br ----> - C -- C - H H Br

CONTINUE Markovnikov’s rule Markovnikov’s rule –In the addition of H-X to an alkene, the HYDROGEN becomes attached to the carbon atom that is already bonded to more hydrogens On board CH 2 =CH-CH 3 + HBr On board CH 2 =CH-CH 3 + HBr Learning check page 392 Learning check page 392 Hydration Hydration –The addition of water to a multiple bond C=C + H-OH ----> - C -- C - C=C + H-OH ----> - C -- C - H OH H OH Learning check page 392 Learning check page 392 Overhead Overhead

ADDITION POLYMERS Polymerization –A–A–A–A reaction that produces a polymer Polymer –A–A–A–A very large molecule made up of repeating units Addition polymer –A–A–A–A polymer formed by the linking together of many alkene molecules through addition reactions Monomer –T–T–T–The starting material that becomes the repeating units of polymers Overhead Study skills on page 393

CONTINUE Copolymer –A–A–A–An addition polymer formed by the reaction of two different monomers Saran wrap page 395 Learning check page 395 Alkynes Naming learning check page 397 Aromatic –C–C–C–Contains a benzene ring On the board Aliphatic compound –A–A–A–Any organic compound that is not aromatic

NOMENCLATURE OF BENZENE Have to have only four bonds on each carbon When a single hydrogen is replaced on a benzene ring the compound is a derivative of benzene Some benzene derivatives have common names Toluene, phenol, aniline, benzoic acid Structures on board Phenyl group –A–A–A–A benzene ring with one hydrogen absent, C6H5- When two groups are attached to a benzene ring there are three isomeric structures Meta(m), ortho(o), or para(p) On board

Two or more groups Use the lowest number and groups are arranged in alphabetical order page 401 Learning check page 402 Read pages Know the key reactions