Chapter 11 Central and Eastern Asia 400-1200

China After the fall of the Han in 220 CE, kingdoms were at war with on another Armies carry infectious diseases As the Chinese attack barbarian peoples, they are infected with a pox called Barbarian pox

China Reunification From 220 – 589, China was disunited The Sui (581-618) reunified China and was highly influenced by Buddhism The Sui made a new capital at Chang’an They built the 1100 mile Grand Canal enhancing trade

Tang Dynasty Due to the Sui’s rapid growth; overextension led to the transition to the Tang (618-907) The Tang maintained the eastern boundaries of the Sui, but expanded westward They avoided over centralization by allowing local nobles, gentry, and religion to exercise power

Tang Dynasty Buddhism was favored by Tang rulers The religion prescribed a spiritual function for kings to bring humankind into the Buddhist realm Protecting spirits would aid the ruler in governing and protect the people under him

Tang Dynasty As the Tang expanded westward, it collected new ideas The Tang was considered cosmopolitan because it integrated religions, foods, sports, languages, and styles from all parts of Asia

Tang Dynasty The capital Chang’an served as the hub of communication The tributary system was a practice in which independent countries acknowledged the supremacy of the emperor by sending embassies to pay tribute

Tang Dynasty Roads, caravans, sea routes, and canals brought goods to Chang’an The Grand Canal was important since it had an enormous political and economic impact on Chinese development

Tang Dynasty The Tang were excellent shipbuilders They were large and moved grain along the canal Even though trade routes were beneficial, there were some negative effects: the bubonic plague

Tang Dynasty Central Asia’s influence on China was: The popularity of pants Cotton replaced hemp as the most popular textile The game of polo – in which women were allowed to participate

Tang Dynasty Under the Tang, China’s monopoly on silk disappeared Asia lost its monopoly of cotton and Tang China had begun to grow and spin its own This process of “import substitution” – the domestic sale of goods that have been previously imported

Tang Dynasty China still remained the producer of the finest silk The Tang dominated world trade and became the sole suppliers of porcelain

Tang Dynasty The most serious rival to the Tang were the Uigurs and Tibet After two centuries of Buddhist influence, the Tang family began to blame Buddhist clergy for political upheavals

Tang Dynasty The decline of the Tang resulted from: A complex tax collection system The defeat of the Tang at the Battle of Talas River The demoralization and under funding of the army

Tang Dynasty The Tang Empire ended in 907 and was replaced by a set of smaller states

Uigur Empire Group of Turkic speakers who controlled an empire in modern day Mongolia Famous merchants and scribes of the Silk Road Lasted on 50 years

Tibet A large and stable empire Chinese crossed Tibet on their pilgrimages to India In a government attempt to control monasteries, Tibetan Buddhist assassinated the king and took control of the royal family

The new separate states that were the Tang are Liao, Jin, and Tanggut They consolidated a single elite culture

The first state to emerge was the Liao Empire of the Kitans They inspired the name Cathay (what the West called them) Laid the foundation of the Mongol Empire Made the city of Beijing its capital

Technology The innovations of the Song were: Stern-mounted rudder High-quality steel gunpowder

Technology The development of movable type and printed material allowed for the dissemination of information and aided development of new agricultural lands

Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty rose in 960 and invented new technology Chinese transportation improved because of the compass The Song technological explosion was driven by an expanding economy and pressure from the Liao and Jin Empires

Song Dynasty The Song instituted civil service examinations for government jobs to ensure it recruited the most talented men Song China had an enormous military challenge In social hierarchy, the civil man outranked the military

Women Could not own property, but could manage in absence of husband Not allowed to remarry Educated only to read Confusion philosophy The most dramatic change was mandatory footbinding

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam Agricultural nations dominated by rice as a main staple Political ideologies varied, but were based on Confucianism Korea was originally shamanist, but Confucianism and Buddhism were transmitted to Japan by way of Korea

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam After the fall of the Tang, the Koryo family took over Korea China history records early Japan in the 4th century The unification of Japan occurred when Korean warriors united the small countries of Japan under a central government

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam Japan was influenced by China by: Japan mastered Chinese architecture Japan implemented Confucian style government Japan showed a strong interest in Buddhism

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam The Japanese emperor seldom had any real political power The prime minister and religious leaders held power

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam The rise of a warrior elite in Heian Japan (Kyoto) led to the rise of the Kamakura Shogunate , the first of 3 military regimes of Japan This new warrior class would later take the title samurai

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam Vietnam (Champa and Annam) established economic trade with the Tang Advanced farming, metalwork and ceramics Under Song China, Champa became a tributary state and provided China with quick growing rice

Women In Vietnam, the Trung Sisters, who lived in the 2nd century, led local farmers in a resistance against Han invaders They have been revered for almost 2000 years as national heroes

Women Murasaki Shikibu is the author of the famous Japanese novel The Tale of Genji and said about women: Women should have little education They should have general knowledge, but is bad if they are attached to a particular branch of learning