Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Between 200 and 300 AD the great Han Dynasty collapses Huns & other nomadic invaders take over large sections of Central Asia No Emperor or single gov’t. able to control China Between 200 and 300 AD the great Han Dynasty collapses Huns & other nomadic invaders take over large sections of Central Asia No Emperor or single gov’t. able to control China Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Sui Wendi succeeded in reuniting China Ruled from 589 – 618 Northern & southern China linked by Grand Canal Over extended resources Were defeated in Manchuria & North Korea Defeated by Turks from Central Asia in 615 Were overthrown in 618 Sui Wendi succeeded in reuniting China Ruled from 589 – 618 Northern & southern China linked by Grand Canal Over extended resources Were defeated in Manchuria & North Korea Defeated by Turks from Central Asia in 615 Were overthrown in 618 Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Expansion- defeated the Turks, extended China’s boundaries further west than ever before Expansion- defeated the Turks, extended China’s boundaries further west than ever before Established capital at Chang-an (roughly 2 million people) Established capital at Chang-an (roughly 2 million people) Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Like the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for ChinaLike the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for China Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known)Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known) Li Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeatLi Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeat Du Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedyDu Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedy Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety)Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety) Like the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for ChinaLike the Han Dynasty, provided a “Golden Age” for China Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known)Literature – Numerous poets (2300 known) Li Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeatLi Bo (Daoist) writings happy, light, upbeat Du Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedyDu Fu serious, solemn, concern for suffering & human tragedy Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety)Religion – predominantly Buddhist, most famous sect was Zen – Buddhist became rich, gov’t felt threatened – gov’t. officials re-introduced Confucianism (order, obeying elders & gov’t., filial piety) Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Achievements Achievements – Took careful census (population counts) – Civil service continued & improved – Block printing (w/movable type) developed to make copies of Confucian & Buddhist texts (Diamond Sutra) – Porcelain, mechanical clocks, paper money & gunpowder developed for warfare – Magnetic Compass – Foreign Trade expanded – Agricultural technology improved (better irrigation, hybrid rice, introduction of Tea) – Development of huge cities as cultural & trade centers Achievements Achievements – Took careful census (population counts) – Civil service continued & improved – Block printing (w/movable type) developed to make copies of Confucian & Buddhist texts (Diamond Sutra) – Porcelain, mechanical clocks, paper money & gunpowder developed for warfare – Magnetic Compass – Foreign Trade expanded – Agricultural technology improved (better irrigation, hybrid rice, introduction of Tea) – Development of huge cities as cultural & trade centers Chapter 12, Sect. 1

Chapter 12, Sect. 2

 Inhabited area north of China, now called Mongolia  Superb horseman  Use of special saddle & iron stirrups allowed accurate archery  Tactics well suited for open plains of Central Asia  As well as siege tactics using siege weapons  Nomadic lifestyle encouraged cultural diffusion  Inhabited area north of China, now called Mongolia  Superb horseman  Use of special saddle & iron stirrups allowed accurate archery  Tactics well suited for open plains of Central Asia  As well as siege tactics using siege weapons  Nomadic lifestyle encouraged cultural diffusion Chapter 12, Sect. 2

CONQUESTS:  Genghis Khan captures Chinese city now called Beijing  Central Asia & most of Persia  Grandson Kublai Khan captures rest of China, Tibet, some of Southeast Asia  Grandson Batu conquers Russia, parts of Hungary & Poland  SEE PAGE 284 – Mongol Empire, 1294 CONQUESTS:  Genghis Khan captures Chinese city now called Beijing  Central Asia & most of Persia  Grandson Kublai Khan captures rest of China, Tibet, some of Southeast Asia  Grandson Batu conquers Russia, parts of Hungary & Poland  SEE PAGE 284 – Mongol Empire, 1294 Chapter 12, Sect. 2

 From mid 1200’s to mid 1300’s period known as the “Mongol Peace”  Capital city for Genghis Khan - Karakoram  Grandson Kublai Khan – Given the title “Great Khan”  Grandson Kublai Khan – begins Yuan Dynasty  In China Mongols became the ruling class, while Chinese were employed to run day-to-day operations  Eventually due to weak rulers after the Great Khan, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown & China was again ruled by Chinese  From mid 1200’s to mid 1300’s period known as the “Mongol Peace”  Capital city for Genghis Khan - Karakoram  Grandson Kublai Khan – Given the title “Great Khan”  Grandson Kublai Khan – begins Yuan Dynasty  In China Mongols became the ruling class, while Chinese were employed to run day-to-day operations  Eventually due to weak rulers after the Great Khan, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown & China was again ruled by Chinese Chapter 12, Sect. 2

Genghis Khan was title meaning – “Universal Ruler” Chapter 12, Sect. 2

Feudal Japan Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Merchants Shogun (Military Ruler) Samurai (warriors) Social Classes in Ancient Japan Peasants (3/4ths of the population) Artisans The Feudal System in Japan Emperor (Divine Ruler) Daimyo (Large Landowners) Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Heian Period:( AD) Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Heian Period:( AD) BackgroundBackground –Japan’s “Golden Age” –Daimyo gained more land from the emperor –People practiced Shintoism (mix of nature & ancestor worship) –Emperors claimed to descend from the Yamato Clan and the Sun God Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Achievements Achievements – Arts & literature flourished – Efficient tax system established – Lady Murasaki wrote “The Tale of Genji” (world’s 1 st novel) Chinese Influence Chinese Influence – Close location to China allowed for cultural diffusion – Art, writing, Confucianism, silk, rice, and government borrowed from China Heian Period ( AD) Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Kamakura Shogunate ( AD) Chapter 12, Sect. 3

BackgroundBackground –Daimyo fight over land –Emperor’s power further weakened as “Supreme Military General” or Shogun takes power Achievements Achievements – Feudal system fully developed – “Bushido” (warrior code) developed Kamakura Shogunate ( AD) Chapter 12, Sect. 3

Kamakura Shogunate ( AD) Mongol InvasionMongol Invasion –Kublai Khan sent a Mongol invasion fleet to attack Japan –Emperor called for prayers to stop invasion –Large storm came and sank most of the invasion fleet –Storm called “Kamikaze” or “Divine Wind” Mongol InvasionMongol Invasion –Kublai Khan sent a Mongol invasion fleet to attack Japan –Emperor called for prayers to stop invasion –Large storm came and sank most of the invasion fleet –Storm called “Kamikaze” or “Divine Wind” Chapter 12, Sect. 3

KoreaGeography –Rugged mountainous peninsula –Located east coast China –Across channel from Japan Geography –Rugged mountainous peninsula –Located east coast China –Across channel from Japan Culture –Heavily influenced by China –Also conquered by Mongols –When Mongols expelled, established own Yi Dynasty (1392) –Buddhism became state religion –Developed movable metal type Culture –Heavily influenced by China –Also conquered by Mongols –When Mongols expelled, established own Yi Dynasty (1392) –Buddhism became state religion –Developed movable metal type Chapter 12, Sect. 3