Chapter 3 Intercultural Communication COMMUNICATE! Chapter 3 Intercultural Communication

Learning Outcomes LO1 Examine what a culture is and the role of communication in it LO2 Discuss relationships between dominant and co-cultures LO3 Analyze how cultural identity affects communication LO4 Explain the inherent barriers in intercultural communication LO5 Explore how to improve intercultural competence

Examine what a culture is and the role of communication LO1 Examine what a culture is and the role of communication in it

Culture System of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that guide what is considered appropriate among an identifiable group of people. LO1

Values LO1 Values Commonly accepted standards Ideal values Ones members profess to hold Real values Ones that guide actual behavior LO1

Intercultural Communication Interactions between people whose cultures are so different that communication between them is altered Culture shock Psychological discomfort when engaging in a new cultural situation LO1

Intercultural Communication Communication is both way culture is transmitted and way it is modified LO1

Discuss relationships between dominant and co-cultures LO2 Discuss relationships between dominant and co-cultures

Dominant Culture Learned system of norms held by the majority group of empowered people in a society. LO2

Co-Culture Group comprised of smaller number of people whose values, attitudes, beliefs, and customs differ from the dominant culture. Members sometimes code switch LO2

Analyze how cultural identity affects communication LO3 Analyze how cultural identity affects communication

Cultural Identity Part of self-concept based on how closely we associate with both the dominant culture and the various co-cultures. LO3

Co-Cultures Formed Around Shared Beliefs and Values LO3 Race/Perceived Race Ethnicity Native Language Sex and Gender Sexual Orientation Religion Socioeconomic Status Age/Generation Disability

How Cultures Differ Individualism-Collectivism Individualistic Values personal rights and responsibilities Collectivistic Values community and collaboration LO3

How Cultures Differ Context LO3 Low-context Speakers use words to convey the meaning of a message High-context Much of message understood from context LO3

How Cultures Differ Chronemics LO3 Monochronic cultures View time as series of small units that occur sequentially Polychronic cultures View time as continuous flow LO3

How Cultures Differ Uncertainty avoidance Low uncertainty-avoidance Extent to which people desire to predict what is going to happen High uncertainty-avoidance Have low tolerance for uncertainty and need to control LO3

How Cultures Differ LO3 Power Distance High power distance Unequal distribution of power is accepted Low power distance Member prefer power to be more equally distributed LO3

How Cultures Differ Masculinity-Femininity Masculine Culture Men and women are expected to adhere to traditional sex roles Feminine Culture People assume variety of roles regardless of sex LO3

How Cultures Differ Long-Term/Short-Term Orientation Values static rewards in the here and now Long-Term Orientation Emphasizes potential future rewards LO3

Cross-Cultural Adaptation Understanding how cultures differ becomes critical when we interact because it helps us empathize and adapt our communication patterns. LO3

Explain the inherent barriers in intercultural communication LO4 Explain the inherent barriers in intercultural communication

Potential Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication Anxiety Assumed similarity or difference Ethnocentrism Stereotyping Incompatible communication codes Incompatible norms and values LO4

Explore how to improve intercultural competence

Acquire Accurate Knowledge Formal study Observation Immersion Participant observation Use diverse resources LO5

Adopt an Appropriate Attitude Tolerate ambiguity Be open-minded Be altruistic Egocentricity LO5

Develop Culture-Centered Skills Practice listening Practice intercultural empathy Develop flexibility LO5