Heppner et al. Chap 12, 18 Hogg & Deffenbacher (1988)

 Design  Independent Variables  Dependent Variables

 Design ◦ Pre-test/post-test; experimental  Independent Variables: Categorical ◦ Group IP Treatment ◦ Group Cognitive Behavioral Trtmnt. ◦ Control Group

 Dependent Variables- Continuous ◦ BDI Depression ◦ MMPI-D Depression ◦ ATQ Automatic Thghts. ◦ Coopersmith SEI Self Esteem  Therapist Assessment of Client Behavior: ◦ one item assessment of: depression, coping, anxiety, motivation to change, group participation

1. Treatment Package Strategy 2. Dismantling Strategy 3. Constructive Strategy 4. Parametric Strategy (structural components) 5. Comparative Outcome Strategy 6. Client and Therapist Variation Strategy Moderation Designs

1. Treatment Package Strategy 2. Dismantling Strategy 3. Constructive Strategy 4. Parametric Strategy (structural components) 5. Comparative Outcome Strategy 6. Client and Therapist Variation Strategy ( Moderation Designs )

 No – treatment  Placebo ??  Matched

 Inclusion Criteria ◦ Cng Center Clients ◦ BDI>14  Exclusion Criteria ◦ Co-morbidity ◦ Suicidal lethality ◦ In therapy ◦ Drug abuse/depend.  Internal Validity ◦ Key issue  External Validity o Key issue

 Specificity of Treatment  Therapist Training  Fidelity Checks

 Treatment Specificity ◦ CBT: emotional transactions ◦ IPT : CB techniques for daily life  Therapist Training ◦ Crossed by sex and theoretical orientation ◦ Weekly supervision; rating tapes on fidelity  Fidelity Checks: ◦ End of treatment blind raters, and ◦ Client Evaluation of Treatment

Main Effects Between Groups Within Groups Treatments: 1.IPT 2.Cog Beh 3.Control Trial (Time) 1.Pre-Test BDI 2.Post Test BDI Interaction: Treatment x Trial

BDI Pre- Treatment Post- treatment Overall Means Cognitive Mean C IPT Mean IPT Control Mean Control

BDI Pre- Treatment Post- treatment Overall Means Cognitive IPT Control Mean Pre- Treatment Mean Post- Treatment

BDI Pre- Treatment Post- Treatment Overall Means Cognitive IPT Control

a) Do clients who receive CBT, or IPT or no treatment show lower (or higher) BDI post-test scores than pre-test BDI scores? Trial Effect – Repeated Measures a) Do clients who receive CBT show lower BDI scores at the end of the 8 weeks than clients who receive IPT or than clients who do not receive any treatment? (regardless of Time) Treatment Effect- Repeated Measures

c) In which of the three experimental groups clients showed change in depression following treatment? Treatment x Trial Interaction – Repeated Measures d) In which of the three experimental groups clients showed lower levels of depression at the end of treatment? Treatment Effect/Reg ANOVA

 Greater early change in ◦ IPT: Self-esteem ◦ CBT: Automatic thoughts

TIME*TREATMENT INTERACTION treatment placebo Here the effect of time is NOT the same for both groups. Thus we say that there is TIME and TREATMENT interaction. TIME (months) Cholesterol Level (mg/dl) 0