AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LAND USE

DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFUSION NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION – w,w,w,w SECOND AG REVOLUTION – w,w,w,w THIRD AG REVOLUTION – w,w,w,w

AG PRODUCTION HEARTHS Upper SE Asian Mainlands, Lower SE Asian Mainland, Eastern India, SWA, East African Highlands, Meso- America North-Central China, Mediterranean Basin, Western Sudan, Andean Highlands, Eastern South America

AG PRODUCTION VARIANCES Nigerian women spread seeds Slash and burn in Peru Center pivot irrigation in Oregon

AG SYSTEMS in CLIMATE ZONES

AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION Hunting & Gathering Shifting Cultivation ( slash-and-burn) Pastoral Nomadism

AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION Subsistence Ag Commercial Ag Mixed Crop & Livestock

AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION Dairy Farming Grain Farming Livestock Ranching

AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION Mediterranean Ag Commercial Gardening/Fruit Farming Plantation Farming

AGRICULTURAL FLOWS Columbian Exchange NAFTA

von THUNEN MODEL Originator of spatial models Focused on maximizing the profit from his ag lands

von THUNEN MODEL

Isolated state – no trade connections Possessed only one market Located centrally in the state Uniform soil, climate, level of terrain All farmers lived equal distance from market and had equal access to it Farmers sought maximum profits

von THUNEN MODEL

THIRD AG REVOLUTION The complex of seed and management improvements adapted to the needs of intensive agriculture that have brought larger harvests from a given area of farmland , world cereal production rose 90%, mostly due to increased crop yields rather than expanding cropland

THIRD AG REVOLUTION average yields Rice 52%; Wheat 66%;

THIRD AG REVOLUTION Advancements in PINGS (Mali) has helped delay famine and extended life expectancies PEDS havent slowed down – always pushing to find new technologies

THIRD AG REVOLUTION HIGH INPUT – HIGH YIELD CROPS New variations of seeds/plants Irrigation Mechanization Fertilization Use of pesticides More food

THIRD AG REVOLUTION Irrigation has destroyed large tracts of land Ground water depletion Conflict between agricultural societies and urban sprawl

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THIRD AG REVOLUTION Blending of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sectors

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THIRD AG REVOLUTION Increased mechanization Development of biotechnology

HOPES & FEARS ABOUT THE FUTURE Will we be able to produce enough food for the worlds people? At what cost – economic and environmental?