Organic Chemistry Functional Groups This slide show will cycle on its own through all of the ochemlab functional groups and the ochem substituents. It will show a structural diagram and give you 4 seconds to think of the name. Then, it will show you the name for 4 seconds. Hopefully, it will help with memorization. It will continually repeat until you press escape.

RC-CR

alkane

RC=CR

alkene

RC=CR

alkyne

R-OH

alcohol

R-X X is a halogen.

Alkyl halide

R-NH 2

amine

R-O-R

ether

R-C=N

nitrile

R-SH

thiol

R-NO 2

nitroalkane

R-C-H O

aldehyde

R-C-R O

ketone

R-C-OH O

Carboxylic acid

R-C-X O X is a halogen.

Acyl halide

R-C-O-C-O-R OO

Acid anhydride

R-C-O-R O

ester An ether and a ketone… whoa!

R-C-NH 2 O

amide A ketone and an amine… whoa!

C=C C C-C

aromatic

Alkanes CH4? C2H6? C3H8? C4H10? C5H12? C6H14? C7H16? C8H18? C9H20? C10H22? C11H24? C12H26? Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane Undecane Dodecane

What kind of a series has members that differ from each other by a methyl group? A homologous series!

Rules of IUPAC ID longest chain of C atoms # based on end which has closer substituent; rule of first point of difference Name the substituents!

CH 3

methyl

CH 2 CH 3

ethyl

CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

propyl

CH 3 CHCH 3

isopropyl

CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

butyl

CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 3

Secondary butyl

CH 2 CHCH 3 CH 3

isobutyl

CH 3 CCH 3 CH 3

Tertiary butyl or t-butyl

CH 3 CCH 3 CH 3 CH 2

neopentyl