COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY Presented by: Edi Brata

TO COMPARE AND TO CONTRAST To compare means to discuss how two people, places, ot things are similar. To contrast means to discuss how two people, places, or things are different.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS SENTENCE CONNECTORS CLAUSE CONNECTORS OTHERS SUBORDINATORS COORDINATORS/ CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS similarly likewise also too as just as and both ... and not only ... but also neither ... nor like (+noun) just like (+noun) similar to (+noun) (be) similar (to) (be) the same as (be) the same (be) alike to compare to/with

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; likewise/ similarly, robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; robot can also.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery; robot can too.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Robot can detect malfunctions in machinery, as/just as human workers can.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Robot and human worker can detect malfunctions. Both Robot and human worker can detect malfunctions. Not only robot but also human worker can detect malfunctions.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Robot, like/just like/similar to human worker, can detect malfunctions. Robot is similar to/ is the same as human worker because they can both detect malfunctions. In their ability to detect malfunctions, robot and human worker are the same.

COMPARISON STRUCTURE WORDS Examples: Human workers can detect malfunctions in machinery. Robot can be programmed to detect equipment malfunctions. Robot and human worker are alike/ are similar because they can both detect malfunctions. Robot can be compared to/ be compared with human worker in their ability to detect malfunctions.

CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (CONCESSION/ UNEXPECTED RESULT) SENTENCE CONNECTORS CLAUSE CONNECTORS OTHERS SUBORDINATORS COORDINATORS/ CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS however nevertheless nonetheless still although even though though but yet despite (+noun) in spite of (+noun)

CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (CONCESSION/ UNEXPECTED RESULT) Examples: It began to rain; however/nevertheless/nonetheless/still, we continued our hike. We continued our hike although/even though/though it began to rain. It began to rain, but/yet we continued our hike. Despite/in spite of the rain, we continued our hike.

CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (DIRECT OPPOSITION) SENTENCE CONNECTORS CLAUSE CONNECTORS OTHERS SUBORDINATORS COORDINATORS/ CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS however in contrast in (by) comparison on the other hand on the contrary while whereas But differ from compared (to/with) (be) different (from) (be) dissimilar to (be) unlike

CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (DIRECT OPPOSITION) Examples: The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced primarily by white musicians; however/in contrast/in comparison/on the other hand, rhytm-and-blues music styles were influenced by black musicians. The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced primarily by white musicians, whereas/while rhytm-and-blues music styles were influenced by black musicians. The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 that were influenced primarily by white musicians, but rhytm-and-blues music styles were influenced by black musicians.

CONTRAST STRUCTURE WORDS (DIRECT OPPOSITION) Examples: Early rock music differs from later styles in that later styles make use of electronics to produce the sound. Compared to/Compared with earlier rock styles, later rock styles have harder a harder sound. Early rock music different from/dissimilarto/unlike later rock music.

ORGANIZATION FOR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY Block Organization We discuss all of the similarities in one block, and all of the differences in another block. Point-by-Point Organization We make a sentence-by-sentence comparison of features in any order that seems appropiate for the topic.

ORGANIZATION FOR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY Model Block Organization Thesis Statement: One way to decide between two job offers is to evaluate what the similarities and the differences are before making a decision. The salary and fringe benefits of job X and job Y are almost the same. Salary (job X and job Y) Fringe benefits (job X and job Y) Although the salary and fringe benefits are equal, there are big differences in the areas of workplace athmosphere and opportunity for advancement Workplace athmosphere Job X Job Y Opportunity for advancement Conclusion

ORGANIZATION FOR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY Model Point-by-Point Organization Thesis Statement: One way to decide between two job offers is to evaluate what the similarities and the differences are before making a decision. The salaries of job X and job Y are approximately equal. Job X’s salary Job Y’s salary Job X offers the same fringe benefits as Job Y. Job X’s fringe benefits Job Y’s fringe benefits In contrast to Job Y, Job X offers good opportunities for advancement. Job X’s opportunities for advancement Job Y’s opportunities for advancement Unlike the high-pressure and competitive athmosphere at Company X, the athmosphere at Company Y seems friendly and supportive. Athmosphere at Company X Athmosphere at Company Y Conclusion