How do the different levels of government cooperate? The Constitution divided government authority by: Giving specific powers to the national governments and reserving all other powers to the states or the people

National Government The Constitution grants 3 types of powers to the national government: expressed, implied and inherent. Collectively they are known as the delegated powers.

Expressed Powers Directly expressed or stated in the Constitution Most are found in the first 3 articles of the Constitution These are also known as the enumerated powers (they are numbered)

Implied Powers Those powers necessary to carry out the expressed powers. They are not specifically mentioned. They spring from and depend upon the expressed powers Basis for the implied powers is the necessary and proper clause “elastic clause”

Inherent Powers Powers the national government may exercise simply because they are the national government. Examples: government must control immigration and establish diplomatic relations with other countries

Reserved Powers Constitution reserves certain powers strictly to the states The Constitution does not specifically list these powers States have authority over matters not found in the Constitution (regulation of public schools) Supremacy Clause The acts and treaties of the United States are supreme

Concurrent Powers Powers that both the national and state governments have and they exercise this power independently Examples: tax, maintain courts, define crimes, eminent domain

Denied Powers Constitution specifically denies some powers to all levels of government. National government cannot: tax exports, cannot interfere with the ability of states to carry out their responsibilities Powers denied to the states: Treaties, alliances, coin money, make laws impairing obligation of contracts, grant titles of nobility

GUARANTEES TO THE STATES 1. EACH STATE A REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT 2. NATIONAL GOVERMENT MUST PROTECT STATES FROM INVASION AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY IS TO BE RESPECTED BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

ADMISSION OF NEW STATES Congress has the power to admit new states Congress passes an enabling act People of territory prepare a state constitution After drafted and approved by popular vote, it’s submitted to US Congress If Congress agrees, it passes an act for admission of the new territory as a state

Obligation of the States 1. State and local government pay for election of all national officials 2. the process of amending the Constitution (3/4 of states must ratify)

Relations Among States Article IV requires the states to give “full faith and credit” to laws, records and court decisions of other states One state cannot enforce another state’s criminal laws Give citizens of other state the same privileges as their own citizens Extradite criminals and fugitives who flee across state lines to escape justice

Interstate Compacts States can solve regional problems by negotiating interstate compacts Must be approved by Congress They are binding on all states signing them Examples: boundary disputes, air and water pollutions, pest control, toll bridges Supreme Court is the only court that hears cases where one state sues another