The People’s Hero: Andrew Jackson and a New Era 1824–1830 Chapter 15 The People’s Hero: Andrew Jackson and a New Era 1824–1830

The Election of 1824 Election traditions 1824 Candidates King Caucus Virginia Dynasty Secretary of State moving up 1824 Candidates William Crawford John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun runs alone for V.P.

Election of 1824 (cont.’d) Election of 1824 Corrupt Bargain Jackson receives most popular votes No one receives majority of electoral votes Election goes to the House of Representatives Corrupt Bargain Clay throws support to Adams Adams wins in House Clay new Secretary of State Jackson declares “Corrupt Bargain”

The Age of the Common Man President John Quincy Adams Impressive credentials Standoffish and elitist Tries to stand above party politics Out of step with times

Age of the Common Man (cont.’d) Growing democratic spirit Result of democratic rhetoric and growing country Result of prosperity and expanded suffrage “Workies” Consists of eastern workers Wants reform to benefit workers Enacts many reforms Drift into Democratic party Anti-Masonic Party Founded New York after exposé of masons by William Morgan Masons had grown quite large in U.S. George Washington Anti-Masons were anti-establishment Notable political leaders were anti-masons

The Revolution of 1828 1828 presidential race Adams, Jackson candidates Supporters of each sling mud Image outweighs the issues Jackson easily wins President Andrew Jackson – uncommon man Mob welcomes Jackson to presidency Jackson exceptional leader Believes in openness of American society Believes in limited role for government

Revolution of 1828 (cont.’d) Jackson’s views on women Live in different sphere than men Morally, spiritually superior to men Must be protected by men Children Very gentle with children Indulged them which was not always common at time On minorities Sees blacks as inferior Blacks subject to be slaves Admires Indian culture Believes races cannot live together Jackson replaces office-holders who oppose him Creates “spoils system” Establishes patronage as part of U.S. politics

Issues of Jackson’s First Term Internal improvements Vetoes federal road in Kentucky Says road is unconstitutional Road would also benefit Clay Approves other internal improvements Indian removal Policy of relocating tribes west of Mississippi Scrapped old treaties Used trickery and force to gain land

Issues of Jackson’s First Term (cont.’d) Cherokee Civilized tribe; adopts white ways Sequoyah creates Cherokee alphabet Tribe includes trained lawyers Cherokee fight through courts, Congress Georgians determined to gain land Supreme Court rules in Cherokee favor Georgians, Jackson ignore ruling Trail of Tears U.S. uses fraud to gain Cherokee land Trail of Tears: forced trip to Oklahoma Thousands of Indians die en route

Issues of Jackson’s First Term (cont.’d) South Carolina Exposition and Protest Tariff of Abomination enrages South Carolina John C. Calhoun writes protest Uses states’ rights arguments Tariff of 1832 Enrages South Carolina even more South Carolina declares law null and void Jackson, Congress threaten South Carolina Force Bill Clay works out compromise tariff

Map 15:1 Presidential Election of 1824 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Map 15:1 Presidential Election of 1824

Map 15:2 Presidential Election of 1828 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Map 15:2 Presidential Election of 1828

Map 15:3 – Removal of the Southeastern Tribes ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Map 15:3 – Removal of the Southeastern Tribes

Discussion Questions Who won the Election of 1824? Why was it a controversial election? Did this controversy have any effect on the Election of 1828? Evaluate the economic policies of Andrew Jackson. Was his presidency good for the United States economy? What events led to the Trail of Tears? What role did Jackson and the Supreme Court play in this dispossession of the Cherokees? Under what justification did South Carolina nullify the Tariff of 1832? What was Jackson’s response? How was the situation settled?