How can a machine make work easier? Work and Machines What Do You Think? How can a machine make work easier?

Work and Machines Work occurs when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. A machine is defined as something that makes work easier.

You know when work is done on an object if two things happen: the object moves as a force is applied the direction of the object’s motion is the same as the direction of the force applied.

Calculating Work Work = Force x Distance (W= F x d) The unit used to express work is the joule (J).

1. Suppose you lift a 75 n bowling ball 2 m off the floor 1. Suppose you lift a 75 n bowling ball 2 m off the floor. How much work do you do? 2. How much work is required to lift two 50 N bowling balls 1 m off the floor?

The unit for power is called a watt. Power is the rate at which work is done. Power = Work / time The unit for power is called a watt.

There are 6 types of simple machines that help make work easier. Work and Machines There are 6 types of simple machines that help make work easier. Lever 4. Screw 2. Inclined Plane 5. Pulley 3. Wedge 6. Wheel and Axle

Work and Machines Vocabulary Input force - the amount of force you must put into the machine. 2. Output force - the amount of force you get out of a machine. Fulcrum - the fixed point that acts as a pivot. Load - same as the output force. It is usually what you are trying to move.

There are 3 classes of levers. Work and Machines Lever A lever is a simple machine that consists of a bar that pivots at a fixed point, called a fulcrum. There are 3 classes of levers.

Work and Machines 1st Class Lever The fulcrum is between the input force and the load. These levers are used to increase force or increase distance. Examples include a seesaw, scissors, and pliers.

Where would the fulcrum and the load be in a seesaw?

Examples of class 1 levers Work and Machines Examples of class 1 levers see-saw hammer's claws scissors pliers 1st Class Lever http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/Levers.shtml

Work and Machines 2nd Class Levers The load is between the fulcrum and the input force. They do not change the direction of the input force, but they do allow you to apply less force than the force exerted by the load. Examples include a wheelbarrow and a nutcracker.

Where is the fulcrum, input force and load on a wheelbarrow?

Work and Machines 2nd Class Lever Examples stapler bottle opener wheelbarrow nail clippers nut cracker 2nd Class Lever http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/Levers.shtml

Work and Machines 3rd Class Levers The input force is between the fulcrum and the load. They increase the distance through which the output force is exerted. Examples of these are baseball bats, your bent arm, and fishing rods.

Where is the input force, output force, and fulcrum when using a baseball bat?

Number of Class 3 Levers Used Work and Machines 3rd Class Levers Item Number of Class 3 Levers Used fishing rod a single class 3 lever tweezers Two class 3 levers tongs http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/Levers.shtml

Inclined Planes An inclined plane is a simple machine that is a straight, slanted surface. Inclined planes use a longer distance to exert a smaller force.

Work and Machines Wedge A wedge is a double inclined plane that moves. - Examples include doorstops, ax heads, and knives.

Work and Machines Screws A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Examples include a screw, jar lid, soda bottle caps

Work and Machines Pulleys A pulley is a machine that consists of a grooved wheel that holds a rope or a cable.

Work and Machines Pulleys A load is attached to one end of the rope, and an input force is applied to the other end. Examples include flagpoles, sailboats, blinds, and curtain rods. There are two types of pulleys- fixed and moveable.

Work and Machines Fixed Pulleys A fixed pulley has been attached to a stationary, or fixed, object. Fixed pulleys change the direction of the force, but they do not increase force.

Work and Machines Fixed pulleys You can use fixed pulleys to pull down on a rope to lift up the object. http://the-office.com/summerlift/pulleybasics.htm

Work and Machines Moveable Pulleys Moveable pulleys increases the force without changing the direction of the force. The input force must be exerted over a greater distance than load is moved.

The moveable pulley is attached to the object being moved. Work and Machines Moveable Pulleys The moveable pulley is attached to the object being moved. http://the-office.com/summerlift/pulleybasics.htm

Work and Machines Wheel and Axle A wheel and axle is a simple machine consisting of two circular objects of different sizes. The wheel is the bigger circle, while the axle is the smaller of the two.

Work and Machines Examples of wheel and axles are doorknobs, wrenches, and steering wheels.

Work and Machines Most machines that we use are compound machines. Compound machines are made of two or more simple machines.