2 nd International Sucker Rod Lift Workshop Houston, Texas September 12-15, 2006 Break Out Session: Rod String Design by Norman W. Hein, Jr., P.E. President & Managing Director Oil & Gas Optimization Specialists, LTD (OGOS) Midland, TX

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 2 Topics Considered Service Factor Long & Slow versus Short & Fast CW vs. CCW Rod Size FOP G PIP TAC Motor Sizing Engine Sizing Packer

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 3 Results SF –Some 0.8, if high H2S 0.7, if inspected lower –Some 0.9; if aggressive environment lower –Some 0.8 but only if on RPC, if wells pound 0.5 –Some 1.0 –Some heard Norris says 1.2 L&S vs. S&F –Most thought did L&S; but, after explanation, understood relative terms –One said designed on PR velocity; not sure max (1440?) –After quick discussion, some didnt think change

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 4 Results (cont) CW vs. CCW –Considering Conventional units, most didnt –Some heard about recommendation to periodically change unit rotation; didnt know could over load unit by doing this –One did electrical study showing benefit of switching rotation; but didnt know if better one way or other; and saw increased efficiency if later balanced unit Rod Size –All didnt have problem using small rods if acceptable in design –But one was aware of one manufacturer no longer make 5/8-inch rods

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 5 Results (cont) Fluid Over Pump –Most design H=L and then regulate from RPC G –One heard in past but not sure why –Most said used actual fluid –One recommended using 100% highest G fluid PIP –One said designed on fluid level –One said did what client required –Most said H=L and RPC

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 6 Results (cont) TAC –Most would consider; but, 2 said only if L>3500 ft. –2 said would include but for gas wells put below choke effect –Some didnt consider casing integrity since new wells Motor Sizing –Most used Gaults 2 * HPpr –One used 1.75 if improved geometry (bent crank) –One would consider CLF * HPpr; but, concern proper counterbalanced

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 7 Results (cont) Engine Sizing –Most used 2 * HPpr –Some considered engine low slip like NEMA B, not sure if needed to go much greater than 2 * Packer –SF change may not be necessary if consider could load rods to 1.2 so if use 0.8 SF; then back to SF of 1.0 –Should consider C grade rods –Definite need for high compression ratio pump

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 8 Not discussed Sheave size/selection Cogged v-belts Pump size Pumping Unit type

09/12/2006 2nd Int'l Sucker Rod Lift Workshop - ©OGOS 9