Question of the Day 4-19 ADD 2.5 points before dividing!!! Unit 7 Quest grade = ____% I feel I was successful or unsuccessful 3. I prepared by… 4. Next.

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Question of the Day 4-19 ADD 2.5 points before dividing!!! Unit 7 Quest grade = ____% I feel I was successful or unsuccessful 3. I prepared by… 4. Next time I will prepare by… 5. Goal for next time = ____  If you met your goal + got an A: You may maintain or improve.  If you did not meet your goal it stays the same.

Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of DNA Structure – double-helix (looks like a spiral staircase) Function – carries your genetic information

DNA is the “genetic code” life It controls all aspects of the cell. But how? By the different proteins that it codes for. Different proteins have different functions Enzymes – control / speed up chemical reactions IE: building ATP or digesting food Repair, transport, structural proteins

What is the genetic code? Set of rules by which information is transferred from… DNA into  RNA into  Protein (using amino acids) Even bacteria and viruses have a genetic code

What are Nucleic Acids? A complex macromolecule that stores information in cells in the form of a code. DNA and RNA. Composed of monomers of nucleotides

What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid Contains the genetic instructions for development / functioning of living things

What is a nucleotide? A monomer that consists of three parts Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) Phosphate Nitrogen Base (A, C, T, G and U)

REVIEW: Monomers and Polymers Define Monomer – The smallest unit that makes up a larger molecule Define Polymer A large molecule formed by many smaller molecules called monomers amino acids monomer of proteins = mondomer of nucleic acids = nucleotide

REVIEW Do all organisms have DNA? What is a Protein? YES – All living things have a genetic code What is a Protein? A large complex polymer composed of amino acids.

REVIEW Peptide Bond – Covalent bond (sharing electrons) formed between two amino acids (the bonds in proteins)

Question of the Day 4-20 1. Structure of DNA = 2. Function of DNA =

On a half sheet of scratch paper 4-20 What two types of nucleic acids do you know of? What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? What process makes proteins from RNA? What is the monomer of a protein?

QUICK TALK cell monomer DNA nucleus mitosis eukaryotes 4-20 cell monomer DNA nucleus mitosis eukaryotes phospholipid bilayer photosynthesis mitochondria chromosome diffusion ATP

DNA SONGS: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1UPf7lXeO8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUA6_Ucw3i4

Question of the Day 4-26 What two types of nucleic acids do you know of? 2. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Use notes if needed

What are the Nitrogen Bases? Adenine Guanine Thymine (DNA only) Cytosine Uracil (RNA only)

Nitrogen Bases

Nitrogen Bases

Nitrogen Base Pairing How do the nitrogen bases pair in DNA? A with T C with G RNA  A with U (no Thymine) What holds the nitrogen bases together? Hydrogen Bonds

Why is the nucleotide sequence important? All organisms have DNA The closer the DNA resemblance, the more closely related the organisms are

DNA REPLICATION DNA Replication – the process of copying DNA When do we copy our DNA? S-phase of Interphase

DNA REPLICATION STEP ONE: Helicase – An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the DNA

DNA REPLICATION Replication Fork – location where the DNA is splitting apart

DNA REPLICATION STEP TWO: DNA POLYMERASE – An enzyme that bonds free floating nucleotides together to form a new DNA chain

DNA REPLICATION How long does this continue? Why do we copy DNA? Until the entire chain is copied…forming two new chains Why do we copy DNA? So that new cells have the genetic material needed to survive

Question of the Day 4-27 RNA and DNA are both examples of ____________  you should be able to answer even if absent yesterday!!! The enzyme that separates or “unzips” DNA = Use notes if needed

Review DNA

REVIEW Replication fork

REVIEW Peptide Bond – Bond formed between two amino acids (in a protein) What holds nitrogenous bases together? – hydrogen bonds

REVIEW True or False? The process of copying DNA = … – DNA replication The closer the DNA resemblance, the more closely related the organisms are The process of copying DNA = … – DNA replication

REVIEW Helicase – An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases “unzipping” the DNA

REVIEW Replication Fork – location where the DNA is splitting apart

REVIEW DNA POLYMERASE – An enzyme that bonds free floating nucleotides together to form a new DNA chain

Assignment 4-18 Front of handout – due end of period today READ pages 200-202 (my.hrw.com) AND complete #s 1-2, 4-8 on the bottom of page 202 – due beginning of class tomorrow My.hrw.com Chapter 10 section 3 Username = dhe5n Password = p5e8n