May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 1 OPERA/CNGS1 O scillation P roject with E mulsion-t R acking A pparatus 1. Electronic detectors status of installation 2.Results from detectors commissioning TT RPC HPT 3. Cosmic and CNGS run results 4. Brick production and filling 5. Emulsions analysis Scanning facilities Track matching and analysis 6.Test beam activities 7.Detector filling strategy and CNGS runs 8.OPERA sensitivity updated 9.Conclusions

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 2 Electronic detectors installation Veto BMSTarget Tracker SM2 Spectrometer: Magnet, RPC, XPC,HPT Ago ‘06 run: all installed and running except Veto and HPT/2 May ‘07 : Veto and HPT/2 installed and under commissioning HPT/2

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 3 Event building: time stamp Event building by sorting in time individual hit from sub- detectors The time stamp (10 nsec bin) is correlated with the GPS (100 nsec resolution) in order to select CNGS beam event HPT RPC TT 10 nsec binning

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 4 Event reconstruction: time stamp resolution Without fiber transmission correction With position correction Sigma : 9 nsec down going muon : side view Time difference Strip number

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 5 3. Results from electronic detectors commissioning

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 6 Target Tracker efficiency using cosmic ray tracks Trigger rate: 1 p.e.  20 cps per pixel 2 p.e.  10 cps per pixel 1 p.e. 2 p.e. 3 p.e.

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 7 RPC efficiencies SM1SM2 1 HV row missing Electronics using cosmic ray tracks All problems have been cured

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 8 RPC spatial resolution Tracking resolution ~ 1.3 cm, Misalignments ~ few mm using cosmic ray tracks

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 9 RPC p reconstruction Muon momentum reconstruction using only RPC using cosmic ray tracks -- very preliminary RPC data only

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 10 Status of HPT/1 -Timing corrections implemented -Resolution of ~500  m in single planes -Fine alignment ongoing with CR tracks -80% track efficiency for cosmic data -reconstruction running stable for data

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti CNGS runs and cosmics results

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 12 August’06 run: first CNGS neutrinos 50 ms 10.5  s machine energy spill

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 13 August ‘06 run events  CC in magnet stopping track (first event)

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 14 August ‘06 run events  CC in magnet  CC in TT

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 15 August ‘06 run: Beam Direction OPERA August Run result: =3.4±0.3  y >0  y <0 y z Zenith angle of muon track Select events around beam (0 <  < 0.15 rad) direction and check if there are on time

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 16 μ CC in the magnets CC in magnets selection efficiency 52% very pure sample, NC contamination 4% (1,1 event) August only with  2 cut Data = 29 ± 5 evt. MC = 23.7 evt. August + October Data = 36 ± 6 evt. MC = 29.9 evt. August + October Data = 36 ± 6 evt. MC = 29.9 evt. Azimuth angle (rad) Data reduction Event selection: on time beam events μ id (> 10 Fe slabs) fiducial volume

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 17 High energy muon charge ratio Can be measured in using the OPERA spectrometers : Overburden : ~3000 m.w.e.  E μ underground : 300 GeV E μ surface cut-off : 1400 GeV

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti Brick production and filling

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 19 Brick components: lead Chemical Vacuum pack Mech pack Alpha activity Pb+ Ca 0.07%NO (Fog Up) Yes (<30  cm 2 /day) Pb+Ca 0.04%NO (Fog Up) Yes (<30  cm 2 /day) PbCa colaminated with pure lead Yes (<30  cm 2 /day) Pb+ Sb 2.5%Yes NO (Surface Po migration) PbSb colaminated with pure lead Yes NO (Surface Po migration) Pure PbYesyesNO (Surface Po migration) Lead vs emulsion chemical & radioactivity compatibility tests

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 20 Brick components: lead Mass production started at JL-Goslar in Jul ‘06 Custom production line for casting, lamination, washing and packing Up to 800 brick/day granted

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 21 Brick components: emulsion Produ -ction Beam exposure Develop -ment Initial sensitivity Development After refreshing Refreshing Produ -ction Beam exposure Sensitivity of refreshed film Condition : 30 ℃ 98 ％ 3days G.D. 36/100μm F.D. 1.3/1000μm ３ G.D. below 8/100μm F.D. 2.1/1000μm ３ G.D. 33/100μm F.D. 1.5/1000μm ３ Production Beam exposure Developm ent Refreshing Performance of refreshed emulsion films

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 22 BAM: lead loading and drum section (in light) lead box loading (one day work) station for filling the BMS drums

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 23 BAM: dark room for 5 piling stations

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 24 BAM: piling and pressing station

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 25 BAM milestone and performance Brick Production Weeks Bricks brick sum weekly bricks Costruction started in Jan ‘05 in firm site Delivery at LNGS starting in Jun ‘06 Comissioning and preproduction for Oct run in Sept ‘06 Many improvements since Mar ‘07 Production in rather stable conditions since Mar-Apr ‘07 Up to last week bricks produced Production rate: brick/day, ie drums/day last week

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 26 BMS (Brick Mainipulation System) Loading station and drum for brick transfer Draw bridge for brick insertion Storage Carrousel Camera for positioning Vacuum sucker vehicle to retrieve bricks Portico Manipulating platform Filling performance: 2 drums/day

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti Emulsion analysis

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 28 Event reconstruction in the brick

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 29 Automated Microscopes for Nuclear Emulsions High speed CCD Camera (3 kHz) Piezo-controlled objective lens Constant speed stage Synchronization of objective lens and stage Customized commercial optics and mechanics + asynchronous DAQ software Hard-coded algorithms scanning speed ~ 20 cm 2 /h ~ 30 bricks will be daily extracted from target and analyzed using high-speed automatic systems S-UTS (Japan)European Scanning System scanning speed ~ 30 cm 2 /h

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 30 Scanning capabilities in Europe 1.CSD scanning : 6 ESS at LNGS -> ~ 8CSdoublet/day ( ~ 5 microscopes missing ) 2.Brick Vertex location and confirmation : Italy : 12  10 bricks/day EU : 6 ESS  5 bricks/day plate changer in progress ( with dry and oil objectives ) 1.Dedicated to Special events ( min. bias, decays, electrons, …): Italy : 4 ESS  ~ 200 events/yr EU : 2 ESS  ~ 100 events/yr 30 ESS distributed among 11 labs ( 22 ESS in 8 Italian labs ): Bari, Bern, Bologna, Lngs, Lyon, Napoli, Roma, Salerno + + Neuchatel, LNF, Padova

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 31 Electronic detector-brick connection Connection between Electronic trackers and CS: tested on few events (~10) good results (~70-80%) space for improvements T T Predicted position CS Located position Ago’06 run

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 32 Track Reconstruction and Vertex Search position residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks angular residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks (vertical tracks) scan-back efficiency 93.1% volume scan scan-back tracks followed backward film by film tracks in the CS doublet vertex reconstruction 0.3  1.7 mrad

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 33 First neutrino event in emulsion Muon momentum: MCS (coord method) : 6.4 ± 1. GeV/c Spectrometer (RPC) : 7.05 ± 0.4 GeV/c October CNGS run: CNGS induced rock muon selected by electronic detectors brick tagging using the reconstruction software CSD and brick analysed using the standard scanning system Prediction accuracy : Δ x = 5.5 mm (along the tray) Δ y = 0.4 mm (vertical direction) Δθ x = 16.6 mrad Δθ y = 24.8 mrad

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 34 Brick emulsion alignment with cosmics RMS 1.1 μ m RMS 0.8 μ m CNGS rock muon analysis

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti Detector filling strategy and CNGS runs

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 36 Detector filling Assumptions : Number of bricks on the end of April: (ok) Ramp up from average actual speed 4 drums/w to 10 drums/w on April 30th (~ok) Reaching 15 drums/week on september 1st  Full target filled ( bricks) in May 2008 (including 15%contingencies and 3 weeks for holidays) SPS tentative schedule : 2008 Physics starts end of april

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 37 CNGS run in 2007 start run 15/9/07 end run 15/11/07 Integrated p.o.t Bricks with interactions pot 465 ~20 Charmed hadron decay Total number of interactions Integrated p.o.t x days 19/3/07 3/9/07 11/11/07

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti OPERA sensitivity updated

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 39 OPERA sensitivity : nominal conditions SK 90% CL (L/E analysis) Opera nominal Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5) Opera with 30% bck reduction 90 % CL Sensitivity F&C

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 40 SK 90% CL (L/E analysis) Opera nominal Opera with 30% target mass reduction 90 % CL Sensitivity F&C OPERA sensitivity : nominal conditions 25% reduction

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti Conclusions  Very effective contribution to the experiment installation by LNF Servicies (Spas, SSCR, Electronic)  Support from LNF still needed for construction, running and analysis ( workshops, fellowships, ….)  The electronic detectors of the OPERA experiment are ready for data taking during the fore coming CNGS runs  The brick production is launched and the detector should be filled before the physics run in 2008  The data analysis chain has been validated for the :  electronic detectors during the CNGS beam periods and also with cosmic rays in 2006  emulsion detectors during many test runs, especially with real neutrino event from an exposure in the NUMI beam  OPERA Physics program is valid, and it is a great opportunity for young physicists to learn about Neutrino Physics with real data

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 42 Detection of the  appearance signal Two conflicting requirements:  Large mass  low Xsection  High granularity  signal selection  background rejection Target:1800 tons, 5 years running neutrino interactions ~150  interactions ~15  identified < 1 event of background Toplogy selection:  Kink signature The challenge is to identify  interactions from  interactions   -- Decay “kink”  -- ~1 mm  oscillation --

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti 43 OPERA/CNGS1 : an hybrid detector What the brick cannot do:  trigger for a neutrino interaction  muon identification and momentum/charge measurement  need for an hybrid detector supermodule 8 m Target Trackers Pb/Em. target Emulsion analysis: Vertex, decay kink e/  ID, multiple scattering, kinematics Extract selected brick Pb/Em. brick 8 cm Pb1 mm Basic “cell” Emulsion Electronic detectors: Brick findingmuon ID, charge and p Link to mu ID, Candidate event Spectrometer

May 11 th, 2007 LNF Scient. Comm M.Spinetti Kg Pb Emulsion layers  1 mm ECC : target basic component Em Provides high space resolution + Lead active target mass Compact and modular structure OPERA bricks 1 ECC= 56 Pb + 57 emulsions 2 emulsion layers (44  m thick) poured on a 200  m plastic base 12.5cm 10.2cm 10 X0’s  Interaction From NUMI exposure Electron shower