DESKTOP TRAINING An Overview of ADHD Developed By John Avera, Jan Osier Bavaria District October 2006 Click your mouse to move forward to the next slide……..

How to use this Power Point Click forward with your mouse at your own pace to view each slide. View with others so you can discuss the information. Many thanks to Sandi Sacco for sharing this important information!

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) BY SANDRA E. SACCO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST Click to move to the next slide…..

WHAT IS ADHD?

TYPES OF ADHD ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD, Combined Type

THE ESSENTIAL FEATURE Developmentally inappropriate degree of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (1 0f 3) INATTENTION SITUATIONS WHERE SYMPTOMS DISAPPEAR Novel, Interesting to child, intimidating, and one-on-one DISTRACTIBILITY Visual and Auditory Fantasy Distractors Somatic Distractors

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (2 of 3) IMPULSIVITY DIFFICULTY DELAYING GRATIFICATION HYPERACTIVITY EMOTIONAL OVERAROUSAL TEMPER HYPER SILLINESS

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (3 of 3) DISORGANIZATION SOCIAL PROBLEMS: bossy, aggressive,low frustration tolerance NON COMPLIANCE AGGRESSIVE: Defiance PASSIVE: Sloppy, forgetful

WHATS REALLY WRONG WITH AN ADHD CHILD: POOR SELF CONTROL A NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT IN ONES ABILITY TO INHIBIT BEHAVIOR WHICH LEADS TO: DIFFICULTY CONTROLLING IMPULSES AND REGULATING ONES BEHAVIOR DIFFICULTY RESTRAINING IMPULSES AND STAYING WITH A PLAN OR INSTRUCTION

THE IMPACT OF POOR SELF CONTROL ON ADHD CHILD Going with the flow - events control child not the child controlling events Controlled by promise of whatever seems rewarding at moment Inconsistent work performance - high variability - controlled by events of moment

DEVELOPMENT OF INHIBITION - RELATED MENTAL ABILITIES FRONTAL PART OF BRAIN - GIVES POWERS OF SELF CONTROL AND CAPACITY TO DIRECT OUR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE FUTURE

SELF CONTROL - 5 MENTAL PROCESSES OCCURRING IN FRONTAL PART OF BRAIN Hindsight - forethought Self directed Speech: Our minds voice and our self control Rule governed behavior Problem solving Separate Facts from feelings Internalize motivation persistence, will power Breaking apart (analysis) and Recombining Information (Synthesis)

CAUSES OF ADHD (Current Evidence) Deficiency in brain chemicals called neuro-transmitters (dopamine and nor epinephrine) Lowered activity in certain brain regions Lower Electrical Activity seen on EEG Less Blood Flow to certain brain regions

PREVALENCE AND COURSE Age of Onset: Usually before age 7 Before age 4 in about half of the cases, but frequently not recognized until child enters school Prevalence: 5% of children (2 million US children, about 1-2 in an average 30 student classroom)

PREVALENCE AND COURSE SEX RATIO Community: Hyperactive- Impulsive type : 3-4 males to 1 female Inattentive type - 2 males to 1 female Clinic: nine males to one female COURSE OF DISORDER 70-80% persistence through adolescence 30-70% into adulthood

CORE DIFFICULTIES ADHD affects all aspects of the childs life - emotional, social and academic Difficulties in inhibiting impulses in social behavior and cognitive tasks Difficulties getting along with others (poor socialization) School underachievement Poor self-esteem, secondary

COMMON FEELINGS FOR ADHD CHILDREN Irritation, Impatience, Anger Embarrassment about feeling ineffective Confusion and Anxiety about Medication and Other Treatment Modalities

RELATED DIFFICULTIES 80% have academic performance problems 25% are classified as having a learning disability Higher rate of grade retention Non-compliance and aggression: co- existing conditions - ODD, CD Disturbances in Peer Relationships

EFFECT ON SCHOOL Cant sit still or concentrate Finds most work boring Does switch easily especially from less structure (recess) to more structure Blurts out inappropriate remarks frequently RESULT: Underachievement

EFFECT ON HOME Enigma to parent Often the black sheep in family Constant disruptions Sibling Rivalry - Intense High rate of negative interaction Wont let parent parent effectively RESULT: Maternal depression/lowered self esteem

ADHD Look-Alikes Depression Stress-induced Anxiety States Biologically-based Anxiety Disorders Child Abuse and Neglect Bipolar Disorders Schizophrenia Other Medical Disorders

Treatment Modalities Medication Social Skills Training Behavior Modification Parent-Child Education Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Individual,Family, Group Psychotherapy Parent Skills/Management Training School Based Considerations

SUMMARY ADHD is a neurological condition ADHD involves inattention, distractibility, impulsivity and sometimes hyperactivity ADHD affects all aspects of life: social, emotional, and academic Theres a wide range of treatment modalities. Medication is the most common treatment. A multi-modal treatment plan is the most effective.

SOURCES All About Attention Deficit Disorder (Video) by Dr. Thomas Phelan Slide Program by Dr. B. Vverberg, Psychiatrist, RAF, Lakenheath, England Taking Charge of ADHD- The Complete Guide for Parents by Russell Barkley

We hope you have gained some additional knowledge from this short PowerPoint presentation. THANK YOU for your support of the students in the Bavaria District! Jan and John