The Cold War Defining the World for 50 Years. Key Terms Superpowers Bipolar U.N. – United Nations MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction Duck and Cover.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War Defining the World for 50 Years

Key Terms Superpowers Bipolar U.N. – United Nations MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction Duck and Cover

Key Events in the Cold War Yalta Conference Truman Doctrine Berlin Airlift Formation of NATO Eisenhower Doctrine Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Korean War Vietnam War Détente Renewed Tensions Fall of the Berlin Wall

Yalta Conference (1945) COLD Key Players: What Happened? Trying to plan for final peace settlement Soviets get major land concessions in Eastern Europe & agree to support nationalist Chiang Kai-shek in China (over the communists) Conference tinged by fear of communism spreading Shortly after, Churchill gives Iron Curtain speech AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS… AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Yalta Conference (1945) OUTCOMES Europe divided into spheres of influence (Communists & non-communist) Back to main page Back to main page

Truman Doctrine (1947) COLD Key Players: What Happened? Basically, says that the US will oppose communist rebels anywhere in the world 1 st real discussion of containment AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS… AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Truman Doctrine (1947) OUTCOMES Commits US to a position of world guard dog (even though does not yet promise military resources) Marshall Plan – rebuild Europe & Japan, ultimately help US economy Back to main page Back to main page

Berlin Airlift (1949) COLD Key Players: What Happened? Berlin and Germany have been divided into 4 sections US, France, & UK are going to reunite sections into West Germany and West Berlin Soviets build Berlin Wall, cut off all land routes to Berlin US & UK send cargo plans day & night for 10 months AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS… AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Berlin Airlift (1949) OUTCOMES Soviets relent and lift blockade, create East Germany, East Berlin 1 st test of willingness of the west to resist expansion of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe Back to main page Back to main page

Formation of NATO (1949) COLD Key Players: What Happened? Mutual defense pact of west European countries (collective security) Greece, Turkey, & W. Germany join later AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Formation of NATO (1949) OUTCOMES Soviets and satellites sign Warsaw Pact in 1955 Same idea in Eastern Europe Basically set up who would be on which side of the Cold War Back to main page Back to main page

Korean War ( ) HOT Key Players: What Happened? Japanese had conquered Korea during WWII When Japan surrendered, Soviets occupied Korean Pen. North of the 38 th parallel, set up communist government In south UN sponsored elections set up South Korean govt in 1948 North Korean troops invade 1950 UN troops go to defend; fighting goes back and forth, ends at same place they started at AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Korean War ( ) OUTCOMES Truman fires MacArthur Seen as a tie Helps Eisenhower get elected Many neutral nations pull closer to US and start to increase arms and military Back to main page Back to main page

Eisenhower Doctrine ( ) COLD Key Players: What Happened? U.S. would help any country (with military force) that was fighting international communism U-2 incident in 1959 (Gary Powers) AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Eisenhower Doctrine ( ) OUTCOMES US goes from guard to policeman Puts US military and economic resources on an international stage, not just to fight for immediate US interests Back to main page Back to main page

Bay of Pigs (1961) HOT Key Players: What Happened? 1959, Castro gets control of Cuba U.S. helps train rebel forces, indicates that if they overthrow Castro, U.S. would give support Coup falls apart, rebels ask for assistance U.S. sends absolutely no help, all rebels slaughtered AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Bay of Pigs (1961) OUTCOMES Castros position solidified U.S. for. policy disaster Makes Kennedy look weak & inexperienced Back to main page Back to main page

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) HOT Key Players: What Happened? Soviets place nuclear warheads on Cuba, 90 miles off the Florida coast (capable of hitting anything on the Eastern seaboard) U.S. demands that they be removed, sets up a full blockade of Cuba for 5 days Tensions very high, some military leaders in both countries advocate using nuclear weapons Secret win-win solution – Soviets will pull out missiles, US pledges never to invade Cuba or start a rebellion again AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) OUTCOMES Brinkmanship Closest we get to launching a nuclear war Scares lots of people hotline set up Back to main page Back to main page

Vietnam War ( ) HOT Key Players: What Happened? French colony, reclaimed after WWII, split in 1954 Northern half adopts nationalist government, which is led by communist Ho Chi Minh US sends military advisors to advise and help, French pull out and leaves US holding the bagpull out means all Vietnam will be Communist Military build-up begins under Kennedy, escalation and gradualism Gulf of Tonkin incident (1964) Major build up during Johnson Peace negotiations begin in 1968; slow & halting Saigon falls in 1975 AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Vietnam War ( ) OUTCOMES Vietnam reunites under Communist leadership US begins to see distinction between types of communists Seen as only US military loss Incredible domestic dissent TV coverage shows body counts and full coverage on evening news Changes how US views war Back to main page Back to main page

Détente (1970s) COLD Key Players: What Happened? SALT Treaty 1972 Nixon opens door to China vietnamization – back off from unconditional containment shuttle diplomacy AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Détente (1970s) OUTCOMES Some tensions ease Both sides concentrate on domestic difficulties Military build up continues Back to main page Back to main page

Renewed Tensions (1980s) COLD Key Players: What Happened? Hostage Crisis – 1979 Election of Ronald ReaganReaganomics, deficit spending Iran-Contra Affair Reykjavik Summit 1986glasnost and perestroika AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Renewed Tensions (1980s) OUTCOMES Active efforts to destroy communism Huge military build up on both sides Some fears of military buildup increase Back to main page Back to main page

Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) SURPRISINGLY COLD Key Players: What Happened? Wall was built in 1961 – symbolic of split between East and West – of Cold War itself Soviet economy collapses, taking satellite countries with it By 1989, Soviets unwilling to squash rebellion in satellites, wall comes down AND THE OUTCOME OF THIS WAS…

Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) OUTCOMES End of Cold War Coup in Russia, 1991 End to Soviet Union Back to main page Back to main page