Pregnancy and Fetal Development John J. Parrish. Placental Functions Placenta Chemical ProtectionPhysical Protection EndocrineExchange.

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Presentation transcript:

Pregnancy and Fetal Development John J. Parrish

Placental Functions Placenta Chemical ProtectionPhysical Protection EndocrineExchange

Placental Functions Placenta Chemical ProtectionPhysical Protection EndocrineExchange Gas Nutrients Waste products Immunosupression Prevents infiltration by maternal defenses Filters toxins Shock Absorber Transient Estrogen Progesterone HCG eCG PL

Similarities in Early Development MANPIGBIRD

Developmental HorizonsMareCowEweSowWoman Germ layers Open neural tube Fusion of chorioamniontic folds Heart beat apparent Limb buds visible Cotelydons first appear30 Eye differentiation Birth Developmental Features Critical Organ Systems Develop Early!

Fetal Development in the Human Ovulation Length (cm) Age of Fetus (weeks since last menstruation) Weight (kg) Parturition

Crown Rump Estimates of Age Crown rump length Length femur, radius or tibia Circumference of head

Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Fetal Hormones Thyroid Insulin Growth hormone Fetal Hormones Thyroid Insulin Growth hormone Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size

Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype

Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype

Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Factors Influencing Fetal Growth

Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Genetics Species Breed Litter size Genotype Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Certains lines of animals may grow faster.

Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size

Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size Environment Mother Nutrition Size, Parity Placenta Blood flow Size

Factors Influencing Fetal Growth Fetal Hormones Thyroid Insulin Growth hormone Fetal Hormones Thyroid Insulin Growth hormone Skeletal and muscular development Increased energy substrate availability and stimulates placental growth Stimulates fetal growth

Uterine Size Changes During Pregnancy Hyperplasia » Increase in # of cells Hypertrophy » Increase in size of cells Stretching

Placenta Liver Left AtriumLungsRight Atrium Foramen Ovale Foramen Ovale Ductus Venosus Ductus Venosus Ductus Arteriosus Ductus Arteriosus Aorta Umbilical Arteries Umbilical Vein Portal Vein Vena Cava Head and Heart Tissues

Relative P 4 and E 2 Weeks of Gestation Ovulation

Relative P 4 and E 2

Weeks of Gestation Ovulation

Relative P 4 and E 2 Weeks of Gestation Ovulation

Progesterone Maintains Pregnancy!

Progesterone is Essential To Maintain Pregnancy Corpus LuteumPlacenta Sow3.8 mo3.8 mo(none) Cow9 mo6 - 8 mo Ewe5 mo50 d Mare11 mo70 d Human9 mo60-70 d SpeciesGestationPlacental LengthTakeover

Other Species in Which Placenta Does not Take-over Progesterone Production Bitch Queen Alpaca, Llama, Camel Rabbit Goat

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