Title: Energy and Environmental Benefits of Bus Rapid Transit in APEC Economies Presenter’s Name: Walter Kulyk Economy: United States 35th APEC Transportation Working Group Bangkok, Thailand February 20-24, 2012

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Energy and Environmental Benefits of Bus Rapid Transit in APEC Economies A self-funded study conducted by the Breakthrough Technologies Institute (BTI) The purpose of this study was to review one public transportation option to address transit related emissions and oil-consumption – Bus Rapid Transit. Specifically, this report assessed the experience with BRT in terms of reducing local air pollutants, emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and fuel consumption.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Executive Summary At least 120 cities worldwide operate either BRT systems or dedicated bus corridors, serving nearly 27 million passengers per weekday. Many APEC countries have experience with BRT, including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Peru, Chile, New Zealand, Australia, Indonesia and China. In the APEC region, transport accounts for 26.0 percent of all energy consumed and more than 59 percent of energy consumed from oil. Demand from oil continues to rise significantly in APEC economies, but APEC oil production is projected to remain flat.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Executive Summary The APEC region is therefore projected to import nearly half of its oil by Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion are expected to increase 40 percent between 2005 and 2030 in the APEC region. The transport sector is a leading source of carbon dioxide emissions.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Executive Summary Analysis showed possibility for significant reductions with BRT as compared with project baselines, including: Carbon dioxide reductions as high as 61.8 percent Diesel consumption reductions of 50 percent or more Criteria pollution reductions as high as 92 percent ““

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 This Report Focuses on the Environmental Benefits of Three World Leading BRT Systems Mexico City, Mexico Guangzhou, China Bogota, Columbia It also Addresses the Experiences of Three BRT Projects in the APEC Region Brisbane, Australia Busways Jakarta, Indonesia TransJakarta BRT Chongqing, China BRT Line 1-4

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Criteria for Reviewing Projects  Availability of Data E.g., participation in the CDM  Located in an APEC economy  Otherwise noteworthy E.g., Bogota is not located in an APEC economy, but is a leading BRT system, well documented and provides a good model for APEC economies.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Project CO2 Reductions Air Pollution Fuel Savings Other (tCO2eq) Environmental Benefits for Line 1 Mexico City, Mexico

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Project CO2 Reductions Air Pollution Fuel Savings Other (tCO2eq) Environmental Benefits for Guangzhou, China Project CO2 Reductions Air Pollution Fuel Savings Other Benefits( tCO2eq)

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Project CO2 Reductions Air Pollution Fuel Savings Other (tCO2eq) Benefits Environmental Benefits of TransMilenio, Bogota, Columbia

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Environmental Benefits of Brisbane Busway Reduced travel times by up to 70 percent A single trip is estimated to emit roughly 25% of the carbon dioxide compared to a private car Many examples of transit-oriented development around busway stations Passenger volumes can reach 18,000 per hour per direction

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Environmental Benefits of TransJakarta and Chongqing BRT The TransJakarta BRT was estimated to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 37,000 tons in The Chongqing BRT has the potential to reduce 1.77 million tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent, if the system is completed as planned.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 BRT Projects in APEC Economies In addition, all BRT projects that were registered or seeking registration in the CDM program as of July 2011 were examined. These projects have the potential to reduce more than 12.2 million tons of carbon dioxide, a 40 percent reduction over their cumulative baseline.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Recommendations Significant opportunity for APEC economies to improve knowledge of BRT and promote greater investment in rapid transit. APEC could consider establishing an Urban Transportation Taskforce under the Transportation Working Group. APEC economies could collaborate by sharing knowledge on existing BRT systems and develop best practices. Support the development of standardized methodologies for assessing the environmental performance of rapid transit systems.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Recommendations (Cont.) Consider developing a standardized methodology for assessing the cost and benefits of alternative transit technologies, including BRT. This will help cities to choose the most cost-effective options for reducing emission and fuel consumption.

35th APEC Transportation Working Group, Bangkok, Thailand, February 20-24, 2012 Thank You