FACILITATING MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE INTEGRATING MIGRATION INTO DEVELOPMENT: DIASPORA AS A DEVELOPMENT ENABLER Dina Ionesco, Focal point Migration, Environment and Climate Change (MECC) International Organization for Migration (IOM) IOM Rome, 2-3 October 2014

II. MIGRANTS AND DIASPORAS CONTRIBUTIONS FOR LAND BASED ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE: FOUR POLICY LENSES 2

1. THE MIGRATION MANAGEMENT LENS 3  Environmental migration: a complex multi-causal phenomenon  Impacts of both sudden and slow onset events  Climate change and land degradation as aggravating factors © Sven Torfinn/IOM MSD0142  Internal / International / Regional  Temporary / Permanent / Circular  Forced / Voluntary

 To prevent forced migration resulting from environmental factors  To provide assistance and protection to affected populations and seek durable solutions where forced migration does occur  To facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change 4

 Information Services for Migrants  Planned relocation  Facilitated labour migration  Consular services  Diasporas policies  Regional Consultative Processes  Humanitarian Border Management  Sustainable return migration and ending displacement 5 © IOM 2006

2. A CLIMATE AND LAND BASED ADAPTATION LENS  IPCC Report 2014, Group 2 on Adaptation “Changes in migration patterns can be responses to both extreme weather events and longer-term climate variability and change, and migration can also be an effective adaptation strategy.’’  Adaptation and land rehabilitation reduce migratory pressures to avert forced forms of migration  Migration envisioned as a land based adaptation strategy (mainstreaming migration into National Adaptations Plans NAPs) 6

7  UNFCCC Cancun Adaptation Framework 2010 CP16/ Paragraph 14F “Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, at the national, regional and international levels”  UNCCD COP 2015 Land-based Adaptation and Resilience Linking adaptation measures to land use practices and common measures of success.  Climate Conference 2015 (UNFCCC COP 21 Paris France ) © IOM MAZ0016

Safety Opportunities Marginalization New risks Mobile people Loss of human capital Demographic unbalance Household & community of origin Livelihood diversification Resources Community of destination Increased cultural diversity Support to local economy Stress on market & services Environmental degradation Dual link between mobility and risk Mobility as a factor of resilience and vulnerability 8 3. A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LENS

9  Second Hyogo Framework PrepCom1 discussions: Philippines, Nepal, Bangladesh, DRC, Norway, Cook islands, Uganda  Pre-zero draft text 16.d and 26.b (long term impacts of displacement on communities and potential for additional vulnerabilities): migrants not included in specific vulnerable groups  Communication from EC on the HFA2 recognizes that climate change might be a threat multiplier leading to migration

4. A DEVELOPMENT LENS 10 Migration: partnerships for development  Local development, land opportunities  Transnational business SDGs post 2015:  Target Goal 1: “Means of Implementation and Partnerships”  Target Goal 2: “Decrease poverty and inequalities”  Target Goal 3: “Economic growth and decent work” © IOM 2013 Alan Motus

II. FOCUS FOR FURTHER ACTION FIVE KEY AREAS 11

1. B UILDING THE EVIDENCE - BASE 12  Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Evidence for Policy Making (MECLEP)  IDMC and Climate Interactive drought related displacement model including land use policies effects

2. B UILDING CAPACITIES 13  Climatic and environmental drivers pose new migration management challenges and require capacities to address them from a sustainable development perspective

3. LEVERAGE FUNDING 14  Fund activities with a migration dimension through adaptation funding: Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), Adaptation Fund, Green Climate Fund (GCF) National Adaptation Plans (NAPS) and Integrated Financing Strategies (IFS) The Global Environmental Facility (GEF): the case for land and migration The Global Mechanism: Promoting sustainable land management in migration prone areas in West Africa  Boost the role of remittances and investments Sustainable land management in Financial Inclusion Initiative (G20) Innovative mechanisms leveraging remittances and access through innovative tools IOM International Development Fund (IDF) New generation of matching initiative

4. Mitigate impacts of forced or mass migration 3. Manage migration: assistance and protection 1. Prevent forced migration, facilitate migration as adaptation and DRR 2. Prepare for displacement and relocation Prevent Prepare Manage Mitigate Develop 4. Operationalize 5. Address long- term challenges: durable solutions, migration, DRR, development and adaptation 15

5. M AINSTREAM MIGRATION IN OVERALL POST 2015 FRAMEWORK Post 2015 Development Agenda 16 DRR Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA-2) 2015 Climate UNFCCC COP21 France 2015 Land desertification UNCCD COP Turkey 2015 Humanitarian Summit 2016 M I G R A T I O N

I NTERNATIONAL O RGANIZATION FOR M IGRATION M IGRATION, E NVIRONMENT AND C LIMATE C HANGE Thank you! Dina Ionesco 17 APMEN Newsletter

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