Mamma and perineum 乳房和会阴

Ⅰ.Mamma 乳房

The mamma is present in both male and female The mamma is present in both male and female. However the mamma of male does not develop. So we just talk about the mamma of female.

The mammary glands begin to develop and grow rapidly at puberty The mammary glands begin to develop and grow rapidly at puberty. During pregnancy and lactation, they are developing and secreting milk to nourish newborn baby.

(1) The location and features of mamma

mamma nipple乳头 Areola of breast 乳晕 Areolar gland 乳晕腺

(2)The structure of mamma

The mamma is composed of skin, subcutaneous fat, connective tissue and mammary gland.

adipose tissue of breast Lobule of mammary gland Skin of mamma adipose tissue of breast Lobule of mammary gland nipple Areolar gland Lactiferous duct Areola of breast Lactiferous sinus

乳房皮肤 乳房脂肪体 输乳管窦 乳头 乳晕 输乳管 乳晕腺 乳腺小叶

Sagittal section of female mamma Lobule of mammary gland Suspensory lig. of breast Lactiferous duct Lactiferous sinus Pectoralis major Orifice of Lactiferous duct Fascia of Pectoralis major nipple adipose tissue of breast intercostales Sagittal section of female mamma

乳腺小叶 乳房悬韧带 输乳管 输乳管窦 胸大肌 乳头孔 胸大肌筋膜 乳头 乳房脂肪体

Ⅱ.Perineum 会阴 1. The conception of perineum

The perineum has broad and narrow senses of perineum The perineum has broad and narrow senses of perineum. The broad sense of perineum means the all soft tissues that close the inferior orifice of the pelvis. The perineum in anatomy is the broad sense of perineum.

The narrow sense of perineum means the soft tissue structure between the external genital organs of female and anus, it is also called obstetrical perineum (产科会阴).

2.The parts of perineum (1)Urogenital triangle (2)Anal triangle

Broad sense of perineum Urogenital triangle Ischial tuberosity Anal triangle Broad sense of perineum

Broad sense of perineum Urogenital triangle Ischial tuberosity Anal triangle Broad sense of perineum

Broad sense of perineum Urogenital triangle Ischial tuberosity Anal triangle Broad sense of perineum

尿生殖三角 坐骨节结 肛三角 广义会阴

Narrow sense of perineum clitoris Lesser lip of pudendum Orifice of urethra Vaginal vestibule Orifice of vagina Narrow sense of perineum (obstetrical perineum) anus Narrow sense of perineum

阴道口 产科会阴 肛门 狭义会阴(产科会阴)

bulbocavernosus ischiocavernosus Superficial transverse m. of perineum Ischial tuberosity Gluteus maximus Levator ani Ischioanal fossa Sphincter ani externus anus Perineal central tendon deep transverse m. of perineum

球骨海绵体肌 坐骨海绵体肌 会阴浅横肌 坐骨结节 肛提肌 臀大肌 肛门外括约肌 肛门 会阴中心腱 坐骨海绵体肌 会阴深横肌 会阴浅横肌 坐骨结节 肛提肌 臀大肌 肛门外括约肌 肛门

Superficial transverse m. of perineum ischiocavernosus Bulb of vestibule Sphincter of vagina Superficial transverse m. of perineum Ischial tuberosity Levator ani Gluteus maximus Ischioanal fossa Sphincter ani externus anus Perineal central tendon Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

ischiocavernosus Bulb of vestibule Superficial transverse m. of perineum Ischial tuberosity Levator ani Gluteus maximus Ischioanal fossa Sphincter ani externus anus Perineal central tendon Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Orifice of greater vestibular gland Greater vestibular gland Head of clitoris hymen Lesser lip of pudentum Orifice of urethra Bulb of vestibule Vaginal vestibule Orifice of vagina Orifice of greater vestibular gland Greater vestibular gland

坐骨海绵体肌 尿道口 阴道括约肌 阴道口 会阴浅横肌 坐骨结节 肛提肌 臀大肌 肛门外括约肌 肛门

Levator ani Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm rectum inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Obturator internus Internal pudendal artery and vein Sphincter ani externus Anal canal Ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa

盆膈上筋膜 直肠 闭孔内肌 肛提肌 盆膈下筋膜 阴部内动静脉 坐骨肛门窝 阴部管 肛门外括约肌

Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm piriformis coccygeus Levator ani Obturator internus Urethra of male rectum hiatus of pelvic diaphragm

直肠 梨状肌 尾骨肌 肛提肌 闭孔内肌 肛提肌腱弓 男尿道 盆膈上筋膜 盆膈裂孔

Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm Urinary bladder pelvic diaphragm Obturator internus Ischioanal fossa Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm Deep transverse muscle of perineum inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm Urethra Superficial fascia of perineum Bulb of urethra

盆膈上筋膜 坐骨肛门窝 尿生殖膈上筋膜 肛提肌 会阴深横肌 盆膈下筋膜 尿生殖膈下筋膜 尿道球 会阴浅隙 浅会阴筋膜

Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm urerus Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Levator ani Ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa Superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm Deep transverse muscle of perineum vagina Superficial fascia of perineum Orifice of vagina

阴道 坐骨肛门窝 尿生殖膈上筋膜 会阴深横肌 尿生殖膈下筋膜 前庭球 会阴浅隙 浅会阴筋膜 阴道前庭 阴道口

The pelvic diaphragm (盆膈) is formed by the levator ani, coccygeus together with the superior and inferior fasciae of pelvic diaphragm.

The ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa(坐骨肛门窝) is located between anus and ischial tuberosity. The lateral wall of the fossa is formed by obturator internus and the fascia of obturator, the medial wall is formed by the levator ani and

inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm. The anterior boundary of the fossa is the posterior border of urogenital diaphragm, the posterior boundary is the inferior border of gluteus maximus.

The urogenital diaphragm (尿生殖膈) is formed by the deep transverse muscle of perineum, sphincter of urethra together with the superior and inferior fasciae of the urogenital diaphragm.