Gross Anatomy Reproductive System 1 Harold J. Sheedlo, Ph.D. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics

Arteries of Pelvis and Perineum Abdominal Aorta Common iliac arteries (L4) External iliac artery Inferior epigastric artery Deep circumflex iliac artery

Arteries of Pelvis and Perineum Abdominal Aorta Common iliac arteries Internal iliac artery Posterior division Iliolumbar artery Superior gluteal artery Lateral sacral arteries

Arteries of Pelvis and Perineum Internal iliac artery Anterior division Obturator artery Umbilical artery Vaginal/uterine artery Inferior vesical artery Middle rectal artery Internal pudendal artery Inferior gluteal artery

Muscles of Pelvis Piriformis muscle Obturator internus muscle Coccygeus muscle Levator ani muscles Iliococcygeus muscle Pubococcygeus muscle Puborectalis muscle

Muscles of Perineum Ischiocavernosus muscle Bulbospongiosus muscle Sphincter urethrae muscle Deep transverse perineal muscle Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Ligaments of Pelvis Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrospinous ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Proper ligament of ovary Broad ligament Mesometrium Mesovarium Mesosalpinx

Ligaments of Pelvis Round ligament of uterus Cardinal ligament - uterine vessels

Nerves of Pelvis and Perineum Lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) Sacral plexus - ventral rami of S1, S2, S3 and S4 Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) Perineal nerve Inferior rectal nerve Dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis Obturator nerve (L3, L4) Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Veins of Pelvis and Perineum Inferior vena cava (L5) Common iliac veins Internal iliac veins External iliac veins (femoral vein) Testicular or ovarian veins (left or right)

Female Organs Infundibulum of uterine tube Fimbriae Ampulla of uterine tube Isthmus of uterine tube Uterine part Uterus Fundus Body Internal os

Female Organs Cervix Internal os External os Vagina Fornices Vestibule Vulva

Male Organs Scrotum Skin Superficial (Dartos’) fascia External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia Testis Tunica vaginalis - parietal and visceral layers Epididymis Tunica albuginea - seminiferous tubules

Male Organs Ductus (vas) deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate Ejaculatory ducts Lobes Middle - benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Posterior - cancer prone

Male Organs Corpus caverosum (corpora cavernosa) Corpus spongiosum Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra

Male and Female Pelvis Sacrum Ischial tuberosities Shape of pelvic inlet Pelvic inlet to pelvic outlet Pubic arch Size of pelvic cavity

Perineum Boundaries Anal triangle Urogenital triangle

Urinary Bladder Posterior of retropubic space Apex is anterior Ureters enter bladder posteroinferior Trigone - orifices of ureters and uvula of bladder Interureteric crest Vesicouterine pouch - female Rectovesical pouch - male

Rectum Arterial supply Superior rectal artery Middle and inferior rectal arteries Venous drainage Superior rectal vein Middle and inferior rectal veins

Anus Anal columns Anal valves Pectinate line Upper half and lower half of anal canal joins Differences Epithelium (SCE, SSE) Nervous innervation Arterial supply (SRA, IRA) Venous drainage (SRV, IRV) Lymphatic drainage

Examinations Rectal examination Male - prostate, seminal vesicle Female - cervix Bimanual examination in female Uterus Uterine tube Ovary

Clinical Hemorrhoids Internal - srv External - irv Hysterectomy Uterine artery Ureter Vasectomy Episiotomy Pudendal nerve block

Practical Examination 25 gross anatomy and 10 histology Gross anatomy 1 x-ray (computer) 1 cross section (computer) 9 second order

Practical Examination Gross anatomy 3 arteries 2 nerves 3 veins 8 structures or organs 4 regions 1 muscle 2 bones

Practical Examination Gross anatomy 7 female structures 6 first order 1 second order 7 male structures 4 first order 3 second order Histology (computer) 5 female and 5 male 5 first order 5 second order