Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

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Presentation transcript:

Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Reza Mirzaei Immunology Department TUMS

Serology? the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum.

acute glomerulonephritis Group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes): Pharyngitis Rheumatic fever acute glomerulonephritis

عوامل ایمونوژن باکتری تحریک کننده تولید آنتی بادی توکسین های اریتروژنیک استرپتوکیناز DNase هیالورونیداز استرپتولیزین O

تشخیص آزمایشگاهی تب روماتیسمی و گلومرولونفریت حاد 1) آزمایش های تشخیص دهنده آنتی بادی ضد آنتی ژن های استرپتوکوک ASO Anti-DNase-B 2) آزمایش های تشخیص دهنده التهاب CRP, ESR

Streptococcal Antibody Test Streptolysin O: An exotoxin which is sensitive to oxygen.

Principle of ASO test? Enzyme neutralization

ASO an enzyme inhibition test Tube NO. 1 (8/1000) 2 (6/1000) 3 (4/1000) 4 (3/1000) Red cells control SO control ASO Buffer 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.5 1 (ml) Serum 0.8 0.3 -- SO 0.5 15 min Red blood cells Titer (Todd) 125 166 250 333 No lysis lysis

واحد تاد بیان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه استرپتولیزین O : واحد تاد (Todd) آخرین لوله ای که فاقد همولیز باشد.

Interpretation of the result Different factors such as age, previous infection, immune system status & society affect the ASO interpretation Titer in adults: 250 unit 300-1500 Acute rheumatic fever (85%) Todd Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (ADNaseB)

CRP C-Reactive Protein Acute Phase Protein

The increase of CRP serum concentrations observed in Microbial infections Acute rheumatic fever Acute myocardial infarction Rheumatoid Arthritis Cancer

CRP Severity of the disease & effectiveness of therapy Latex agglutination Passive agglutination 1µg/ml False negative: Corticosteroids Prozone False positive: Old serum

Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum) Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Latent syphilis Tertiary/ late latent syphilis

سه نوع آنتی بادی در سرم رآژین سیفیلیسی (آنتی بادی غیر اختصاصی) VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) same antigen as the VDRL Ags bound to carbon particle to allow visualization of the flocculation reaction without the need of a microscope. ضد میکروب های گروه ترپونما Kolmer or RPCFT (Reiter Protein Complement Fixation Test) ضد ترپونما پالیدوم (آنتی بادی اختصاصی) Nelson-Mayer TPI (treponema pallidum immobilization) FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption) ELISA

Laboratory diagnosis Microscopic Tests Serologic Tests (STS) Dark field Immunoflurescense Serologic Tests (STS) Screening non-Treponema tests (non-specific/VDRL, RPR) Confirming Treponema tests (specific/FTAabs)

Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum) Primary syphilis Microscopic Tests FTA-ABS first pos then VDRL Secondary syphilis VDRL Tertiary/ late latent syphilis FTA-ABS VDRL is neg

VDRL Test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory)

اساس تست VDRL؟ فلوکولاسیون آنتی ژن رآژین: سوسپانسیون کاردیولیپین، لسیتین، کلسترول

کاربردهای تست VDRL غربالگری پیگیری سیر درمان (کمی)

تفسیر نتیجه آزمایش راژین سیفیلیسی منفی: بیمار مبتلا به سیفیلیس نیست. هنوز در ابتدای بیماری است. معالجه ناقص سیفیلیس نهفته یا غیر فعال مبتلا به نقص ایمنی مثبت: - تست تائیدی