EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION THEORY

ORIGINS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Moses Influence of Ancient Rome Military Heritage of Public Administration Moses having led the Israelites out of captivity, was turned to for everything, settling disputes great and small. His father-in-law saw this and taught him how to delegate. As tribes gathered together for protection, they built walls to defend themselves from attacks. This required the organizing of armies, and families to support the armies. Wars, battles, fought to conquer lands and is the history of the world. Thus, the history of public admin began and developed as a profession of arms. Logistics and hierarchy, strategy, and reform developed out of necessity as armies grew in size. Vocabulary is militaristic in origin. 2. Roman Centurions were first professional fighting officers in history, who passed technical skills & discipline from generation to generation, enabling Rome to dominate the world for 5 centuries! They were motivated by not only loyalty but the tenets of the first merit system, regular pay, and retirement payments. Caesar raised taxes to support this system.

EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES Comparing Military & Civilian Principles The Principles Approach Cross-Fertilization of Military & Civilian Management

WHAT IS ORGANIZATION THEORY? Classical Organization Theory Adam Smith & The Pin Factory

ORIGINS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT Fredrick Taylor Fayol’s General Theory of Management

PERIOD OF ORTHODOXY Paul Appleby’s Polemic Luther Gulicks POSDCORB

MEANINGS OF BUREAUCRACY All Government Offices All Public Officials A General Invective Max Weber’s Structural Arrangements

NEOCLASSICAL THEORY Herbert Simon’s Influence The Impact of Sociology

MODERN STRUCTURAL THEORY Basic Assumptions Mechanistic and Organic Systems

SYSTEMS THEORY Cybernetics The Learning Organization