Cross-Cultural Leadership and Diversity 14-1Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations
After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Understand why cross-cultural research on leadership is important. Understand the difficulties of studying cross- cultural leadership. Understand how cultural values are related to leader behavior. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-2
Understand how gender issues have been studied and the limitations of this research. Understand the findings in research on gender differences in leadership. Understand how to manage diversity and provide equal opportunities. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-3
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-4 Understand why cross-cultural research on leadership is important
Globalization Need to influence people from other cultures Validate leadership theories in other cultures Broader range of variables and processes Validate taxonomies in other cultures Culture-dependent situational variables Methodological challenges Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-5
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-6 Understand the difficulties of studying cross-cultural leadership
Types of research questions: Behavior, skills and traits Beliefs about effective behavior, skills and traits Differences in leadership patterns Relationships between leadership and subordinate outcomes Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-7
Equivalence of meaning for measures Confounding effects of demographic or situational variables Response bias Representative sample Level of analysis Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-8
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-9 Understand how cultural values are related to leader behavior
Internalized values influence unconscious ways Cultural values and societal norms Cultural norms and societal laws Cultural conformity Organizational values versus cultural values Non-exposure to different types of leadership Change in values and traditions over time Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-10
Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism versus collectivism Gender egalitarianism Performance orientation Humane orientation Culture clusters Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-11
The GLOBE project Many unexamined research questions Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-12
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-13 Understand how gender issues have been studied and the limitations of this research
Sex-based discrimination Glass ceiling explanations Feminine advantage theories Research findings on gender differences Research limitations on gender differences Identifying causes and reducing discrimination Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-14
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-15 Understand the findings in research on gender differences in leadership
Debate and scholarly disagreement Gender differences on leadership behavior Gender differences on leader effectiveness Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-16
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-17 Understand how to manage diversity and provide equal opportunities
Steps can be divided into two categories Fostering appreciation and tolerance Providing equal opportunity Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education Leadership in Organizations14-18