C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to AGRICULTURAL CHANGES IN THE SOUTH (1790–1860) Section 1: The Growth of Cotton Section 2: The Southern Economy Section 3: Southern Society Section 4: The Slave System Chapter 14

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  What happened to agriculture and slavery in the South immediately after the American Revolution?  What effect did the cotton gin have on the South and slavery?  How did the cotton boom affect the South’s economy? Section 1: The Growth of Cotton

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Agriculture declined following the American Revolution leading to: a fall in production and prices a fall in production and prices the end of slavery the end of slavery Section 1: The Growth of Cotton

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Effects of Cotton Gin on the South and Slavery revolutionized the cotton industry and increased Southern agriculture revolutionized the cotton industry and increased Southern agriculture led to greater use of slave labor led to greater use of slave labor Section 1: The Growth of Cotton

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Southern Economy The Southern economy improved as cotton became a major cash crop. Section 1: The Growth of Cotton

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  How did trade affect the southern economy?  Why were crops other than cotton important to the southern economy?  What kinds of factories were located in the South? Section 2: The Southern Economy

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Effect of Trade on Southern Economy Trade and economy in the South improved and led to the growth of major port cities. Section 2: The Southern Economy

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Other Crops Other crops important to the southern economy were corn, rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, wheat, tobacco, hemp, and flax. Section 2: The Southern Economy

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Factories in the South rope industries rope industries lumber industries lumber industries steam-powered sawmill steam-powered sawmill factories to process crops, such as the sugar- processing factory factories to process crops, such as the sugar- processing factory iron works factory iron works factory Section 2: The Southern Economy

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  What was life like for southern planters and owners of small farms?  What was the urban South like?  What challenges did free African Americans face in the South? Section 3: Southern Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Life for Planters and Farmers Life for planters and farmers centered around religion, farming, and varied according to social class. Section 3: Southern Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to The Southern Cities built water systems and streets built water systems and streets offered public education offered public education depended on slave labor depended on slave labor Section 3: Southern Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Discrimination Free Africans in the South faced discrimination and limited rights. discrimination – difference in attitude or treatment Section 3: Southern Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  What were work and daily life like for most slaves?  How did slaves’ family, religion, and other aspects of their culture help them cope with the slave system?  How did enslaved African Americans challenge the slave system? Section 4: The Slave System

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Slaves faced: hard labor and long hours hard labor and long hours harsh living conditions harsh living conditions Section 4: The Slave System

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Slave culture helped them cope with the slavery system by reminding them of their heritage. They formed strong ties through: family family folktales – oral stories that often provide a moral lesson folktales – oral stories that often provide a moral lesson spirituals – emotional Christian songs sung by slaves in the South that mixed African and European elements and usually expressed slaves’ religious beliefs spirituals – emotional Christian songs sung by slaves in the South that mixed African and European elements and usually expressed slaves’ religious beliefs Section 4: The Slave System

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Challenging Slavery slaves worked slower slaves worked slower slaves revolted slaves revolted Section 4: The Slave System