30. Peacebuilding II The UN System

30. Peacebuilding II: The UN System Learning Objectives: – Understand the management of peacebuilding in the UN system – Identify the most important departments, agencies, and mechanisms – Familiar with the challenges at the UN Headquarters level

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System Office of the Secretary General Administrative Committee on Coordination

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System Agenda for Peace “…comprehensive efforts to identify and support structures which will tend to consolidate peace and advance a sense of confidence and well-being among people.”

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System Electoral Assistance Unit (1992)

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System Peacebuilding as a “Bridge”

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System Emergency Response Division in UNDP (1994)

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System The Brahimi Report “…the United Nations should be considered the focal point for peace-building activities by the donor community.”

30.1. Peacebuilding and the UN System Peacebuilding Offices

Definition of peace-building by the UNSC (February 2001): “…peace-building is aimed at preventing the outbreak, the recurrence or continuation of armed conflict and therefore encompasses a wide range of political, developmental, humanitarian and human rights programmes and mechanisms. This requires short and long term actions tailored to address the particular needs of societies sliding into conflict or emerging from it. These actions should focus on fostering sustainable institutions and processes in areas such as sustainable development, the eradication of poverty and inequalities, transparent and accountable governance, the promotion of democracy, respect for human rights and the rule of law and the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence.”

Peacebuilding Tasks Stabilization of the internal political and security situation Development of regional engagement with neighboring states and regional actors Demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration (DDR) Return of refugees and IDPs Democratization (electoral assistance, capacity building, institution building) Strengthening civil society (promotion of dialogue, conflict management training, dispute resolution mechanisms) Capacity building and security sector reform

Peacebuilding Tasks Technical assistance for reconstruction and economic development Promotion of human rights Promotion of intergroup recognition and national reconciliation Trauma recovery Peace/civic education Demining and awareness Promotion of regional and international economic integration

30.2. Peacebuilding and UN Reform 2005 World Summit

30.2. Peacebuilding and UN Reform The Peacebuilding Commission (Dec. 2005)

30.2. Peacebuilding and UN Reform The Peacebuilding Commission (Dec. 2005) – To bring together all relevant actors to marshal resources and to advise on the proposed integrated strategies for post conflict peacebuilding and recover; – To help ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities and sustained financial investment over the medium to long-term; – To develop best practices on issues in collaboration with political, security, humanitarian and development actors.

30.2. Peacebuilding and UN Reform The Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO)

30.2. Peacebuilding and UN Reform The Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) Overall Fund Size (March 2009)US$ million Number of Donors45 Top 5 donors (deposits)Sweden UK The Netherlands Norway Japan Fund Allocation (March 2009)US$ million No. of recipient countries (April 2009)12

30.2. Peacebuilding and UN Reform Three “Windows” – Window I: Country on PBC agenda: SG declares country eligible for PBF support on PBC recommendation – Window II: Country on verge of (re)lapsing into conflict: SG declares country eligible on advice of UN Senior Policy Group – Window III: Country requires immediate funding: SG can allocate up to $1 million

30.3. Challenges at the Headquarters Level Interests and agendas of member states Coordination inside the UN system Coordination outside the UN system Finances