Vocab Words 16-30

Aphorism - a brief, clever saying that expresses a principle, truth, or observation about life EX. Aphorisms by Ben Franklin -Three can keep a secret, if two of them are dead -Honesty is the best policy.

Appositive -a noun which restates the noun preceding it EX. -Our English teacher Mrs. Kriner should give us all A’s

Apostrophe -directly addressing someone dead, someone missing, an abstract quality, or something nonhumnan as if he/she/it were present EX. - “Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…”

Approximate Rhyme -using words that have some sound correspondence but imperfect rhyme EX. “Hope is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul, And sings the tune without the words, And never stops at all." - Emily Dickinson, “Hope is the Thing with Feathers”

Archetype -a character, situation, or symbol that is familiar to people from all cultures because it occurs frequently in literature, myth, religion, or folklore EX. -Beowulf: Hero archetype

Archetypal Settings -settings with that have universal aspects associated with by most people with a particular human experience EX. -Desert, wilderness, chthonic place, garden, river

Archetypical Characters -characters who embody a certain universal human experience EX. -damsel in distress, mentor, witch, mother earth -Merlin: Sage/mentor archetype

Argumentation -the art of persuasive essay with a specific purpose and targeted audience; includes logos, ethos, and pathos -EX. “It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” -Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address

Aside -Private words by a character on the stage so that the audience hears the words but the other characters do not EX. After Juliet says “O Romeo, Romeo. Wherefore art thou Romeo?”, Romeo says to the audience “Shall I hear more or speak at this?”

Assonance -repetition of vowel sounds EX. - “And stepping softly with her air of blooded ruin about the glade in a frail agony of grace she trailed her rags through dust and ashes, circling the dead fire, the charred billets and chalk bones, the little calcined ribcage.” -Outer Dark by Cormac McCarthy

Asyndeton -Deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of related clauses EX."...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty." John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy

Atmosphere -The mood of a work partly established through description of setting and partly through the objects chosen to be described EX. "The Vision" by Dean Koontz “The woman raised her hands and stared at them; stared through them. Her voice was soft but tense. ‘Blood on his hands.’ Her own hands were clean and pale.”

Attitude -The author's way of looking at a subject, implicit in the mood and essential to meaning EX: In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlet Letter, his attitude of disgust towards the Puritan’s beliefs and actions is made clear intrinsically through his description of the antagonists and his clear favoritism towards Hester Prynne.

Ballad -A narrative poem with songlike qualities written in quatrains with the rhyme scheme abcb, usually in iambic pentameter. EX.The Ballad of Reading Gaol- Oscar Wilde And all men kill the thing they love, By all let this be heard Some do it with a bitter look, Some with a flattering word, The coward does it with a kiss, The brave man with a sword!

Begging the Question -Taking for granted something that really needs proving EX. Interviewer: "Your resume looks impressive but I need another reference." Bill: "Jill can give me a good reference." Interviewer: "Good. But how do I know that Jill is trustworthy?" Bill: "Certainly. I can vouch for her."

BEACH BALL GAME

Aphorism Appositive Apostrophe Approximate Rhyme Archetype Archetypal Settings Archetypical Characters Argumentation Terms List Aside Assonance Asyndeton Atmosphere Attitude Ballad Begging the Question